Conflict Monitoring Across the Life Span How to Tell Right From Wrong and Act Accordingly
Conflict Monitoring Across the Life Span How to Tell Right From Wrong and Act Accordingly
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DOI：
10.1027/0269-8803/a000120
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Czernochowski, Daniela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Czernochowski, Daniela
错误可以在优化后续性能方面发挥重要作用：与（接近）错误相关的响应冲突表明需要招募额外的控制资源以最小化未来冲突。然而，到目前为止，它仍然开放，儿童和老年人是否也调整他们的表现，作为一个功能，以前的反应冲突。为了考察冲突检测和解决的寿命发展，在任务转换范式中引发反应冲突。冲突检测的电生理相关的正确和不正确的反应和错误后调整的行为指数进行了评估，而在四个年龄组的参与者被要求专注于速度或准确性。尽管在解决反应冲突的困难，检测反应冲突的能力，指数的Ne/ERN组件预计将提前成熟，并保存在老年人。正如预测的那样，可靠的Ne/ERN峰值检测到各年龄组。然而，只有成年人Ne/ERN振幅与错误的Nc/CRN振幅相比，正确的试验下的准确性指令，表明正在进行的成熟的能力，区分水平的反应冲突。儿童和老年人的行为干预成本相当大。儿童和老年人的表现恶化，而不是改善以下的错误，符合完整的冲突检测，但受损的冲突解决。因此，所有年龄组的参与者都能够检测到反应冲突，但只有年轻人通过上调控制成功避免了随后的冲突。
Errors can play a major role for optimizing subsequent performance: Response conflict associated with ( near) errors signals the need to recruit additional control resources to minimize future conflict. However, so far it remains open whether children and older adults also adjust their performance as a function of preceding response conflict. To examine the life span development of conflict detection and resolution, response conflict was elicited during a task-switching paradigm. Electrophysiological correlates of conflict detection for correct and incorrect responses and behavioral indices of post-error adjustments were assessed while participants in four age groups were asked to focus on either speed or accuracy. Despite difficulties in resolving response conflict, the ability to detect response conflict as indexed by the Ne/ERN component was expected to mature early and be preserved in older adults. As predicted, reliable Ne/ERN peaks were detected across age groups. However, only for adults Ne/ERN amplitudes associated with errors were larger compared to Nc/CRN amplitudes for correct trials under accuracy instructions, suggesting an ongoing maturation in the ability to differentiate levels of response conflict. Behavioral interference costs were considerable in both children and older adults. Performance for children and older adults deteriorated rather than improved following errors, in line with intact conflict detection, but impaired conflict resolution. Thus, participants in all age groups were able to detect response conflict, but only young adults successfully avoided subsequent conflict by up-regulating control.