Detection of fruit and the selection of primate visual pigments for color vision
Detection of fruit and the selection of primate visual pigments for color vision
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DOI：
10.1086/425332
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Buchanan-Smith, HM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Osorio, D;Smith, AC;Buchanan-Smith, HM
灵长类动物有锥体光色素的X染色体基因，最大灵敏度在535 ~ 562 nm之间。旧大陆的猴子和类人猿（长鼻猴）和新世界的长鼻猴（长鼻猴）Alouatta属分别拥有535纳米（中波波长；M）和562纳米（长波波长；L）色素的基因。这些颜料与425纳米（短波长）颜料一起，形成了三色视觉。其他的羊颈龙和原猴只有一个X染色体基因，但通常有两个或三个M/L的光色素等位基因。因此，杂合子的雌性是三色者，而雄性和纯合子的雌性是二色者。影响M/L等位基因进化和维持遗传多态性的标准仍然是一个谜，但寻找食物的选择可能是重要的。我们比较了不同类型的色视觉，以检测超过100种植物种类的绢毛猴（Saguinus spp.）在秘鲁。有证据表明，纯合子和杂合子的频率依赖选择都有利于M/L多态性，三色视觉在昏暗光线下最有利。此外，尽管562纳米等位基因存在于所有物种中，但535- 556纳米等位基因的出现在不同物种之间存在差异。这种差异可能是因为三色视觉倾向于广泛分离的色素，并且535/543和562纳米等位基因的频率相等，而在二色中，长波色素等位基因更适合。
Primates have X chromosome genes for cone photopigments with sensitivity maxima from 535 to 562 nm. Old World monkeys and apes (catarrhines) and the New World ( platyrrhine) genus Alouatta have separate genes for 535-nm ( medium wavelength; M) and 562-nm ( long wavelength; L) pigments. These pigments, together with a 425-nm ( short wavelength) pigment, permit trichromatic color vision. Other platyrrhines and prosimians have a single X chromosome gene but often with alleles for two or three M/L photopigments. Consequently, heterozygote females are trichromats, but males and homozygote females are dichromats. The criteria that affect the evolution of M/L alleles and maintain genetic polymorphism remain a puzzle, but selection for finding food may be important. We compare different types of color vision for detecting more than 100 plant species consumed by tamarins ( Saguinus spp.) in Peru. There is evidence that both frequency-dependent selection on homozygotes and heterozygote advantage favor M/L polymorphism and that trichromatic color vision is most advantageous in dim light. Also, whereas the 562-nm allele is present in all species, the occurrence of 535- to 556-nm alleles varies between species. This variation probably arises because trichromatic color vision favors widely separated pigments and equal frequencies of 535/543- and 562-nm alleles, whereas in dichromats, long-wavelength pigment alleles are fitter.