Decoding selective attention to context memory: An aging study.
Decoding selective attention to context memory: An aging study.
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解码对情境记忆的选择性注意：一项衰老研究。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.085
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Duarte,Audrey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Powell,PatrickS;Strunk,Jonathan;James,Taylor;Polyn,SeanM;Duarte,Audrey
新出现的证据表明，老年人在编码过程中倾向于绑定太多的上下文信息(即超绑定)，这可能导致在提取过程中对相关上下文信息的记忆较差。虽然这些发现与年龄相关的选择性注意和抑制控制能力下降的理论是一致的，但老年人在编码过程中能够选择性地注意相关背景信息的程度尚不清楚。为了更好地了解编码过程中与选择性注意相关的神经动力学，本研究将多变量模式分析(MVPA)应用于振荡脑电信号，以跟踪编码过程中相关和无关上下文信息之间的注意力瞬间转移。年轻人和老年人在存在两种语境特征：颜色和场景的情况下研究物体的图片，他们的注意力被引导到物体与其中一种语境(即目标语境)的关系上。结果表明，不同年龄段的振荡能力模式成功地预测了选择性注意力是否指向场景或颜色。总体分类成绩的个体差异与提取过程中目标语境记忆准确性的个体差异相关。然而，试验中分类表现的变化，暗示了选择性注意的波动，预测了超结合的个体差异。据我们所知，这是第一次使用MPVA技术来解码情景编码过程中的注意力，以及注意力转向分散信息对与年龄相关的背景记忆障碍和超绑定的影响。这些结果与迄今尚未得到证实的理论是一致的，即与年龄相关的背景记忆下降可能是由于老年人较差的选择性注意和/或更大的抑制缺陷。
Emerging evidence has suggested that the tendency for older adults to bind too much contextual information during encoding (i.e., hyper-binding) may contribute to poorer memory for relevant contextual information during retrieval. While these findings are consistent with theories of age-related declines in selective attention and inhibitory control, the degree to which older adults are able to selectively attend to relevant contextual information during encoding is unknown. To better understand the neural dynamics associated with selective attention during encoding, the current study applied multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA) to oscillatory EEG in order to track moment-to-moment shifts of attention between relevant and irrelevant contextual information during encoding. Young and older adults studied pictures of objects in the presence of two contextual features: a color and a scene, and their attention was directed to the object's relationship with one of those contexts (i.e., target context). Results showed that patterns of oscillatory power successfully predicted whether selective attention was directed to a scene or color, across age groups. Individual differences in overall classification performance were associated with individual differences in target context memory accuracy during retrieval. However, changes in classification performance within a trial, suggestive of fluctuations in selective attention, predicted individual differences in hyper-binding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use MPVA techniques to decode attention during episodic encoding and the impact of attentional shifts toward distracting information on age-related context memory impairments and hyper-binding. These results are consistent with the as-of-yet unsubstantiated theory that age-related declines in context memory may be attributable to poorer selective attention and/or greater inhibitory deficits in older adults.