Late Pleistocene marine birds from southern Peru: distinguishing human capture from El Nino-induced windfall
Late Pleistocene marine birds from southern Peru: distinguishing human capture from El Nino-induced windfall
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2005.03.001
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发表时间：
2005-08-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
DeFrance, SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeFrance, SD
安第斯山脉中部极度干旱的沿岸的地区有丰富的海洋动物，对最早的居民有很大的吸引力。在晚更新世末期，人们是否狩猎或食腐海洋动物对理解古代安第斯觅食具有社会和技术意义。厄尔尼诺/南方涛动的周期性现象扰乱了海洋食物链，导致大量海洋脊椎动物和微生物死亡。古代厄尔尼诺事件的发生可能为安第斯山脉中部太平洋沿岸的沿着居民创造了一个生存的机会，当时大量生产鸟粪的鸟类（鸬鹚、鲣鸟和鹈鹕）变得虚弱并最终死亡。在秘鲁南部遥远的克夫拉达塔卡瓦伊的晚更新世考古遗址中，大量海鸟的遗骸占据主导地位。这个晚期更新世的占领可以追溯到10，770 - 10，290年前（未校准的放射性碳年; 12，880 - 11，970日历年前），被一个明显的古代厄尔尼诺引起的泥石流掩埋和缩放。使用的动物群组合的特点，我评估是否有人猎杀海洋鸟类或厄尔尼诺现象创造了一个生存的机会，人们要么是一个灾难性的组合或收集一个社区的脆弱的鸟类之前的泥石流。我目前的鸟类骨骼部分频率，屠宰模式，以及海洋硬骨鱼的数量和种类。脊椎动物的分类和骨骼组成的分析，结合分析的网站上下文不支持的假设，即古环境条件产生了一个机会，无论是死的或弱的鸟类轻松收集。相比之下，动物区系数据表明，人类积极狩猎，捕获和食用健康的海洋鸟类。在评估环境波动对人类行为和饮食的可能作用时，研究人员不仅必须考虑最丰富遗骸的埋藏学，还要考虑一个地区的其他脊椎动物分类群以及考古背景如何受到影响。(c)2005爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The Central Andean hyperarid littoral has abundant marine fauna that would have been attractive to the earliest inhabitants. Whether people hunted or scavenged marine animals during the terminal Late Pleistocene have social and technological implications for understanding ancient Andean foraging. The periodic phenomenon of El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) disrupts marine food chains and results in the death of significant numbers of marine vertebrates and microorganisms. The onset of ancient El Nino events may have created a subsistence opportunity for human coastal inhabitants along the Pacific coast of the Central Andes when large numbers of guano-producing birds (cormorants, boobies, and pelicans) became weak and eventually died. The remains of numerous marine birds dominate the Late Pleistocene archaeological site of Quebrada Tacahuay in far southern Peru. This Terminal Pleistocene occupation dating to 10,770-10,290 years ago (uncalibrated radiocarbon years; 12,880-11,970 calendar years ago) was buried and scaled by an apparent ancient El Nino-induced debris flow. Using characteristics of the faunal assemblage I assess whether people hunted marine birds or ENSO created a subsistence opportunity for people to either scavenge a catastrophic assemblage or collect a community of vulnerable birds prior to the debris flow. I present avian skeletal part frequencies, butchering patterns, and the quantities and variety of marine bony fishes. An analysis of vertebrate taxonomic and skeletal composition in conjunction with an analysis of site context does not support the hypothesis that paleoenvironmental conditions generated an opportunity for the facile collection of either dead or weak birds. In contrast, the faunal data suggest that humans actively hunted, captured, and consumed healthy marine birds. When evaluating the possible role of environmental fluctuations on human behavior and diet, researchers must consider not only the taphonomy of the most abundant remains, but also how other vertebrate taxa in a region are affected as well as the archaeological context. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.