Surface-exposed calreticulin in the interaction between dying cells and phagocytes
Surface-exposed calreticulin in the interaction between dying cells and phagocytes
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05740.x
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kroemer, Guido
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Martins, Isabelle;Kepp, Oliver;Kroemer, Guido
吞噬作用是消除病原体和清除凋亡尸体的必要条件，这一过程长期以来被认为是免疫沉默的。凋亡/坏死细胞的吞噬摄取涉及大量分子，包括免疫球蛋白、凝集素、补体系统的成分（所有这些成分都起着调节素的作用），以及磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）和内质网伴侣钙网蛋白（CRT），两者都可以暴露在死亡细胞的表面。长期以来，表面暴露的CRT被认为参与吞噬作用，主要是作为特定调理素的（co）受体。最近，这一观点受到了一些观察结果的挑战，这些观察结果表明，与PS类似，CRT作为凋亡细胞的一种同时性识别配体，并且细胞毒性药物如蒽环类药物诱导CRT暴露在垂死的肿瘤细胞表面，从而产生吞噬信号，刺激凋亡尸体的摄取和树突状细胞呈递相应的抗原。在这里，我们总结了目前关于CRT和CRT相互作用蛋白在尸体移除过程中的作用的知识。
Phagocytosis is essential for pathogen elimination and for the removal of apoptotic corpses, a process that has been long considered immunologically silent. The phagocytic uptake of apoptotic/necrotic cells involves a plethora of molecules, including immunoglobulins, lectins, components of the complement system (all of which act as opsonins), as well as the phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) and the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone calreticulin (CRT), both of which can be exposed on the surface of dying cells. For a long time, surface-exposed CRT was believed to participate in phagocytosis, mostly as a (co)receptor for specific opsonins. Recently, this view has been challenged by the observations that, similar to PS, CRT acts as a facultative recognition ligand on apoptotic cells, and that cytotoxic agents such as anthracyclines induce the exposure of CRT on the surface of dying tumor cells, thereby generating an engulfment signal that stimulates the uptake of apoptotic corpses and the presentation of the corresponding antigens by dendritic cells. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of CRT and CRT-interacting proteins during corpse removal.