Honeybees: do they use direction and distance information provided by their dancers?
Honeybees: do they use direction and distance information provided by their dancers?
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蜜蜂：它们使用舞者提供的方向和距离信息吗？
DOI：
10.1126/science.158.3804.1072
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发表时间：
1967
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Dennis L. Johnson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Frisch;A. Wenner;Dennis L. Johnson
9.052.5 193.0在5分钟内没有接近试验动物，试验终止。同样，这两个群体在接近行为上也存在显著差异。实验动物在相互作用条件下的潜伏期最短，而在隔离条件下的动物潜伏期最长，后者的狗在整个5分钟的时间里经常无法接触到实验兔(5)。显然，这一本质现象是跨情境的，并不局限于给定的测试安排，也不限于与幼崽同居的特定兔子。这些数据一致地表明，种间饲养条件对幼犬对其接触过的另一物种的反应具有普遍影响。这些结果的一个比较显著的特征是种间附着的形成速度很快。随后的实验证实，这一现象既不是所采用的测试程序造成的，也不是所采用的反应指数造成的。从一组新的31只狗中获得了独立的移除-替换结果，这些狗保持在与第一个实验相似的交互条件下，但仅在同居88小时后进行测试[6]。这些结果不受重复测试的影响，与第一次实验中相互作用-同居96小时后的结果没有显著差异。这种影响也不局限于发声干扰措施。在相互作用的条件下，4天后，实验犬对兔的偏好发生了显著的变化。这些数据有力地表明，社会偏好的显著变化发生在相对较短的时间内。弗莱纳最近完成的一项研究表明，人类婴儿在快速建立社会偏好方面也有这种能力。
9.0 52.5 193.0 did not approach the test animal within 5 minutes, the test was terminated. Again, the groups differed markedly in their approach behavior. Median la-tencies are presented in Table 1. Ani-mals in the interaction condition had the shortest latencies, while animals in the isolation conditionhad the longest latencies, withthe latter dogs frequent-ly failing to contact the test rabbit in the entire 5-minute period (5). Appar-ently the essentialphenomenon is trans-situational, and not restricted to a given test arrangement or limited to the particular rabbit with which the pup had cohabited. These data are consistent in showing that interspecific rearing conditions have a pervasive influence on the young dog's response to another species to which it has been exposed. One of the more remarkable features of these re-sults was the rapidity of formation of the interspecific attachment. Subsequent experiments confirmed that the phenomenon was not an artifact of the test procedures adopted nor of the re-sponse index employed. Independent removal-replacement results were ob-tained from a new group of 31 dogs maintained in an interaction condition similar to that of the first experiment, but tested only after 88 hours of co-habitation (6). These results, which were free of the influence of repeated testing, were not significantly different from those obtained after 96 hours of interaction-cohabitation in the first ex-periment. Nor were the effects restrict-ed to the vocalization-disruption mea-sure. After 4 days in theinteraction condition, a significant shift was ob-tained in the preferenceof the experi-mental dogs for the rabbits. These data strongly suggest that significant changes in social preference occur over rela-tively short periods. A recently com-pleted study by Fleener (7) indicates that human infants share this capacity for the rapid estalblishment of social preferences.