A multi-method approach for analysing the potential employment impacts of material efficiency
A multi-method approach for analysing the potential employment impacts of material efficiency
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分析材料效率对就业的潜在影响的多方法
DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.11.014
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cooper S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cooper S
材料效率，即减少每一给定水平的服务或产出的新材料投入量，可以提高经济的资源效率，减少对能源和温室气体排放密集型材料的需求。它要求改变材料、部件和最终产品在供应链中的使用方式，并对就业产生相关影响。国内对材料效率的政策支持可能会因担心减少对新材料的需求会影响就业而受到阻碍。提出了一种多方法来评估不同产品和地区的材料效率战略的就业影响。它适用于两个案例研究，可以减少在英国的新钢铁需求：汽车俱乐部和再利用钢型材。通过对行业的访谈，辅以文献综述，揭示了由于采用这些战略，行业劳动密集度、产品价格和销售量在短期内可能会沿着交通和建筑供应链发生怎样的变化。一个静态的多区域投入产出模型被用来估计直接和间接的供应链就业的影响，提高材料效率的钢铁使用在英国。本文的主要结论是，基于行业对可行部署率的预期，这些行动的最初、直接后果不会对英国的就业前景产生不利影响。这部分是因为汽车俱乐部可以刺激对新车的需求，而拆除建筑物是劳动密集型的，可以用国内劳动力取代进口钢铁。这些初步发现应能推动进一步研究提高材料效率的机会。
Material efficiency, reducing the amount of new material inputs per given level of service or output, can improve both the resource efficiency of an economy and reduce demand for energy and GHG emissions intensive materials. It requires a change in the way materials, components and final products are used along the supply chain with associated impacts on employment. Domestic policy support for material efficiency can be hindered by concerns that reducing demand for new materials will impact on employment. A multi-method approach for evaluating the employment impacts of material efficiency strategies across different products and regions is presented. It is applied to two case studies that could reduce demand for new steel in the UK: car clubs and re-using steel sections. Industry interviews supplemented by a literature review reveal how sector labour intensity, product prices and sales volumes might change along the mobility and construction supply chains in the short-term as a consequence of introducing these strategies. A static multi-regional input-output model is used to estimate the immediate direct and indirect supply chain employment impacts of increasing the material efficiency of steel use in the UK. The principal finding of this paper, based on industry expectations of feasible rates of deployment, is that the initial, immediate consequences of these actions would not adversely affect employment prospects in the UK. This is partly because car clubs can stimulate demand for new vehicles and deconstructing rather than demolishing buildings is labour intensive, substituting domestic labour for imported steel. These initial findings should motivate further research on the opportunities for material efficiency.
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影响因子：
13.2
作者：
Dantata, N;Touran, A;Wang, J
通讯作者：
Wang, J
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Ley;M. Sansom;A. Kwan
通讯作者：
A. Kwan
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Morgenstern;M. Ho;J. Shih;Xuehua Zhang
通讯作者：
Xuehua Zhang
影响因子：
13.2
作者：
Coelho, Andre;de Brito, Jorge
通讯作者：
de Brito, Jorge
材料效率战略的就业和结构影响：五个案例研究的结果
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Walz
通讯作者：
R. Walz