Molecular dynamics of the excitatory synapse.
Molecular dynamics of the excitatory synapse.
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兴奋性突触的分子动力学。
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8_6
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Okabe;S.
突触的分子动力学是控制突触连接重塑和传递效能的重要因素之一。本章重点介绍突触后分子机制的动力学，并描述了突触定量分析的重要成像技术，它们在突触后分子中的应用，以及从这些分析中获得的见解。新的可视化技术，如超分辨率显微镜，将成为揭示突触分子亚微米变化的不可或缺的手段。监测蛋白质相互作用的新方法也将与突触可塑性的实验范式相结合。细胞生物学分析和先进的成像技术已被应用于新生突触形成、突触维持和活动依赖性突触重塑的研究。从这些研究中，出现了各种新的概念，如突触后支架的局部组装，突触后受体的“运输包”的存在，肌动蛋白运动在棘内的异质性，以及PSD/棘大小的无活性波动。这些新概念有助于理解突触后功能的具体性质，未来应将其整合，以建立一个现实的模型，突触后组织，可以解释其显着的稳定性和可调性。
Molecular dynamics of synapses are one of the most important factors that control the remodeling of synaptic connection and efficacy of transmission. This chapter focuses on the dynamics of postsynaptic molecular machinery and describes the imaging technologies important for quantitative analyses of synapses, their application to the postsynaptic molecules, and the insights obtained from these analyses. New visualization techniques, such as super-resolution microscopy, will become an indispensable approach to reveal submicron changes of synaptic molecules. New methods of monitoring protein interactions will also be integrated with experimental paradigms of synaptic plasticity. Cell biological analyses, together with cutting-edge imaging technologies, have been applied to the studies of nascent synapse formation, synapse maintenance, and activity-dependent synapse remodeling. From these studies, a variety of new concepts emerged, such as local assembly of postsynaptic scaffolds, presence of “transport packets” of postsynaptic receptors, heterogeneity of actin movement within spines, and activity-free fluctuation of PSD/spine sizes. These new concepts are useful in understanding specific properties of postsynaptic functions and should be integrated in future to build a realistic model of the postsynaptic organization that can explain its remarkable stability and tunability.