Are we ready for broader adoption of ARM in the HPC community: Performance and Energy Efficiency Analysis of Benchmarks and Applications Executed on High-End ARM Systems
Are we ready for broader adoption of ARM in the HPC community: Performance and Energy Efficiency Analysis of Benchmarks and Applications Executed on High-End ARM Systems
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DOI：
10.1145/3581576.3581618
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发表时间：
2023-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Simakov;R. L. Deleon;Joseph P. White;Matthew D. Jones;T. Furlani;E. Siegmann;R. J. Harrison
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文献类型：
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作者：
N. Simakov;R. L. Deleon;Joseph P. White;Matthew D. Jones;T. Furlani;E. Siegmann;R. J. Harrison
一组基准测试，包括数值库和真实世界的科学应用程序，在几个现代ARM系统（Amazon Graviton 3/2，Futjutsu A64 FX，Ampere Altra，Thunder X2）上运行，并与x86系统（Intel和AMD）以及混合Intel x86/NVIDIA GPU系统进行比较。对于基准测试自动化，使用了XDMoD的应用程序内核模块。XDMoD是一个用于HPC资源利用率和性能监控的综合套件。应用程序内核模块通过定期执行用户应用程序来实现HPC资源的持续性能监控。它已被用于Ookami系统（第一个基于美国的富士通ARM A64 FX SVE 512系统之一）。用于本研究的应用程序涵盖了各种计算范例：HPCC（几种HPC基准），NWChem（从头算化学），Open Foam（偏微分方程求解器），GROMACS（生物分子模拟），AI Benchmark Alpha（AI基准）和Enzo（自适应网格细化）。ARM的性能虽然通常较慢，但在许多情况下与当前的x86 CPU相当，并且通常优于前几代x86 CPU。在考虑功耗和执行时间的能效方面，ARM在大多数情况下都比x86处理器更节能。在测试GPU性能的情况下，GPU系统显示出最快的速度和最高的能源效率。考虑到每个节点的高核心数、相当的性能和有竞争力的价格，当前的高端ARM CPU已经是作为主要HPC系统处理器的有效选择。
A set of benchmarks, including numerical libraries and real-world scientific applications, were run on several modern ARM systems (Amazon Graviton 3/2, Futjutsu A64FX, Ampere Altra, Thunder X2) and compared to x86 systems (Intel and AMD) as well as to hybrid Intel x86/NVIDIA GPUs systems. For benchmarking automation, the application kernel module of XDMoD was used. XDMoD is a comprehensive suite for HPC resource utilization and performance monitoring. The application kernel module enables continuous performance monitoring of HPC resources through the regular execution of user applications. It has been used on the Ookami system (one of the first USA-based Fujitsu ARM A64FX SVE 512 systems). The applications used for this study span a variety of computational paradigms: HPCC (several HPC benchmarks), NWChem (ab initio chemistry), Open Foam(partial differential equation solver), GROMACS (biomolecular simulation), AI Benchmark Alpha (AI benchmark) and Enzo (adaptive mesh refinement). ARM performance, while generally slower, was nonetheless shown in many cases to be comparable to current x86 counterparts and often outperforms previous generations of x86 CPUs. In terms of energy efficiency, which considers both power consumption and execution time, ARM was shown in most cases to be more energy efficient than x86 processors. In cases where GPU performance was tested, the GPU systems showed the fastest speed and the highest energy efficiency. Given the high core count per node, comparable performance, and competitive pricing, current high-end ARM CPUs are already a valid choice as a primary HPC system processor.