Ecology and management of white-tailed deer in a changing world
Ecology and management of white-tailed deer in a changing world
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06376.x
复制
发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McShea, William J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McShea, William J.
由于长期的高密度和优先浏览，白尾鹿对木本和草本植物有显着的影响。这些影响对共享资源和跨营养级的动物产生了影响。高鹿密度的原因是缺乏捕食者或高植物生产力，通常是由于人类栖息地的改变，以及利益相关者的愿望，根据文化，而不是生物，承载能力设定鹿的管理目标。要想成功地维护森林生态系统，就需要将鹿的数量控制在以生态影响衡量的生物承载能力以下。控制方法通过改变栖息地生产力来限制繁殖，或通过增加捕食者或狩猎来增加死亡率。狩猎是鹿的主要管理手段，依赖于公民的积极参与。猎人们有能力降低鹿的密度，但要努力创造足够低的密度，以确保稀有物种的持久性。为了使密度充分低于生物承载能力，可能需要采用其他管理模式。无论采取何种人口控制措施，成功都应该通过生态基准来衡量，而不仅仅是通过文化接受度来衡量。
Due to chronic high densities and preferential browsing, white-tailed deer have significant impacts on woody and herbaceous plants. These impacts have ramifications for animals that share resources and across trophic levels. High deer densities result from an absence of predators or high plant productivity, often due to human habitat modifications, and from the desires of stakeholders that set deer management goals based on cultural, rather than biological, carrying capacity. Success at maintaining forest ecosystems require regulating deer below biological carrying capacity, as measured by ecological impacts. Control methods limit reproduction through modifications in habitat productivity or increase mortality through increasing predators or hunting. Hunting is the primary deer management tool and relies on active participation of citizens. Hunters are capable of reducing deer densities but struggle with creating densities sufficiently low to ensure the persistence of rare species. Alternative management models may be necessary to achieve densities sufficiently below biological carrying capacity. Regardless of the population control adopted, success should be measured by ecological benchmarks and not solely by cultural acceptance.