Molecular shuttles based on motor proteins: active transport in synthetic environments.
Molecular shuttles based on motor proteins: active transport in synthetic environments.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s1389-0352(01)00029-0
复制
发表时间：
2001-11-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Vogel, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hess, H;Vogel, V
利用分子马达如驱动蛋白和肌球蛋白在细胞中的主动运输为将主动运输整合到合成装置中提供了灵感。在合成环境中使用马达蛋白的混合装置是分子穿梭机的第一个原型。本文从工程学的角度讨论了马达蛋白的基本特性，并对将马达蛋白如肌球蛋白和驱动蛋白引入器件的实验进行了综述。构建分子穿梭机的关键问题是：引导运动方向、控制速度和装载和卸载货物。已经开发了依赖于表面形貌和化学以及流场和电场的各种技术来引导分子梭在表面上的运动。ATP浓度的控制，作为燃料供应，可以作为控制运动速度的手段。装载过程需要将货物连接到航天飞机上，理想情况下是通过坚固而特殊的链接。可以设想分子梭的应用，例如在纳米机电系统（NEMS）领域中，其中标度定律有利于流体流动的主动传输，以及在新型材料的自下而上的组装中。
Active transport in cells, utilizing molecular motors like kinesin and myosin, provides the inspiration for the integration of active transport into synthetic devices. Hybrid devices, employing motor proteins in a synthetic environment, are the first prototypes of molecular shuttles. Here the basic characteristics of motor proteins are discussed from an engineering point of view, and the experiments aimed at incorporating motor proteins, such as myosins and kinesins, into devices are reviewed. The key problems for the construction of a molecular shuttle are: guiding the direction of motion, controlling the speed, and loading and unloading of cargo. Various techniques, relying on surface topography and chemistry as well as flow fields and electric fields, have been developed to guide the movement of molecular shuttles on surfaces. The control of ATP concentration, acting as a fuel supply, can serve as a means to control the speed of movement. The loading process requires the coupling of cargo to the shuttle, ideally by a strong and specific link. Applications of molecular shuttles can be envisioned, e.g. in the field of nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS), where scaling laws favor active transport over fluid flow, and in the bottom-up assembly of novel materials.