Spring frost vulnerability of sweet cherries under controlled conditions
Spring frost vulnerability of sweet cherries under controlled conditions
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受控条件下甜樱桃的春季霜冻脆弱性
DOI：
10.1007/s00484-015-1010-1
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
F. Chmielewski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Philipp Matzneller;K. Götz;F. Chmielewski
春季霜冻在几乎所有温带水果种植区都是一个重大的生产危险。甜樱桃是春季开始发育的第一批水果品种之一，因此对晚霜非常敏感。可能发生伤害的温度被广泛公布，但其来源和确定方法没有很好的记录。本研究采用标准化方法对甜樱桃品种‘Summit’在控制条件下的霜冻临界温度进行了研究。在四个发育阶段(“侧绿色”、“绿色尖端”、“开放丛生”、“盛开”)取样，并在三种霜冻温度(−2.5、−5.0、−10.0°C)下处理。与其他方法相比，这种方法的主要优点是达到目标温度所需的展开期和时间间隔总是恒定的(2小时)。此外，然后将这些树枝放在气候室中，直到盛开，然后才开始检查花朵和没有进一步发育的花蕾。在前两个采样阶段(侧绿色、绿色尖端)，在评价日期的开丛、第一白和盛花中发现的芽数随着霜冻处理强度的增加而减少。花器官表现出不同程度的抗寒性，在发育较晚的阶段变得更加脆弱。在本文中，我们开发了四个经验函数，用于计算在所调查的发育阶段对甜樱桃花蕾或花可能造成的霜冻伤害。这些方程可以帮助农民估计霜冻事件可能对樱桃花蕾造成的损害。然而，有必要对实验室获得的临界温度进行验证，并进行现场观测。
Spring frost is a significant production hazard in nearly all temperate fruit-growing regions. Sweet cherries are among the first fruit varieties starting their development in spring and therefore highly susceptible to late frost. Temperatures at which injuries are likely to occur are widely published, but their origin and determination methods are not well documented. In this study, a standardized method was used to investigate critical frost temperatures for the sweet cherry cultivar ‘Summit’ under controlled conditions. Twigs were sampled at four development stages (“side green,” “green tip,” “open cluster,” “full bloom”) and subjected to three frost temperatures (−2.5, −5.0, −10.0 °C). The main advantage of this method, compared to other approaches, was that the exposition period and the time interval required to reach the target temperature were always constant (2 h). Furthermore, then, the twigs were placed in a climate chamber until full bloom, before the examination of the flowers and not further developed buds started. For the first two sampling stages (side green, green tip), the number of buds found in open cluster, “first white,” and full bloom at the evaluation date decreased with the strength of the frost treatment. The flower organs showed different levels of cold hardiness and became more vulnerable in more advanced development stages. In this paper, we developed four empirical functions which allow calculating possible frost damages on sweet cherry buds or flowers at the investigated development stages. These equations can help farmers to estimate possible frost damages on cherry buds due to frost events. However, it is necessary to validate the critical temperatures obtained in laboratory with some field observations.