Formation and development of the male copulatory organ in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum involves a metamorphosis-like process
Formation and development of the male copulatory organ in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum involves a metamorphosis-like process
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-43192-9
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发表时间：
2019-05-06
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Prpic，Nikola-Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Quade，Felix Simon Christian;Holtzheimer，Jana;Prpic，Nikola-Michael
蜘蛛进化出了一种独特的雄性交配器官，须肢球。鳞茎的形态具有种特异性，在物种识别和合子前生殖隔离中起着重要作用。尽管它对蜘蛛生物多样性的重要性，控制鳞茎发育的机制几乎是未知的。我们使用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）和基于扩散碘的对比增强显微计算机断层扫描（dice-µCT）来研究蜘蛛Parasteatoda tepidariorum的灯泡发育。这些成像技术使我们能够在原位研究灯泡的发育，而不是第一次使用破坏性的程序。我们在这里表明，在亚成体阶段的膨胀pedipalp尖端充满了血淋巴，迅速凝固。凝固表明胫骨和跗骨解体的组织溶解过程，类似于全变态昆虫变态期间的组织溶解过程。凝固的材料含有细胞内含物，可能代表组织溶解后重建跗骨和胫骨的细胞来源，与昆虫变态中的成组织细胞相当。凝固块的形状预示着成年跗骨（Cymbium）的形状，就像是成组织细胞的蓝图。这表明了一个独特的作用，控制凝血后，组织溶解在变态样形态的男性pedipalp。
Spiders have evolved a unique male copulatory organ, the pedipalp bulb. The morphology of the bulb is species specific and plays an important role in species recognition and prezygotic reproductive isolation. Despite its importance for spider biodiversity, the mechanisms that control bulb development are virtually unknown. We have used confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced micro computed tomography (dice-µCT) to study bulb development in the spiderParasteatoda tepidariorum. These imaging technologies enabled us to study bulb developmentin situ, without the use of destructive procedures for the first time. We show here that the inflated pedipalp tip in the subadult stage is filled with haemolymph that rapidly coagulates. Coagulation indicates histolytic processes that disintegrate tibia and tarsus, similar to histolytic processes during metamorphosis in holometabolous insects. The coagulated material contains cell inclusions that likely represent the cell source for the re-establishment of tarsus and tibia after histolysis, comparable to the histoblasts in insect metamorphosis. The shape of the coagulated mass prefigures the shape of the adult tarsus (cymbium) like a blueprint for the histoblasts. This suggests a unique role for controlled coagulation after histolysis in the metamorphosis-like morphogenesis of the male pedipalp.