SUBJECTIVE AND CARDIOVASCULAR-RESPONSES TO NICOTINE COMBINED WITH ALCOHOL IN MALE AND FEMALE SMOKERS
SUBJECTIVE AND CARDIOVASCULAR-RESPONSES TO NICOTINE COMBINED WITH ALCOHOL IN MALE AND FEMALE SMOKERS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02246162
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发表时间：
1995-05-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
STILLER, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
PERKINS, KA;SEXTON, JE;STILLER, RL
吸烟者经常同时摄入尼古丁和酒精。每种药物单独产生显着的主观和心血管反应，但两种药物的组合的影响很少被检查。适度饮酒的吸烟者（n = 18，9名男性和9名女性）参加了四次会议，涉及尼古丁/安慰剂和酒精/无酒精的急性给药。受试者在每次会议前戒烟和戒酒过夜。尼古丁（每种规格20 μ g/kg）或安慰剂在饮食滋补水（含或不含酒精（0.5 g/kg））摄入后每30分钟通过测定剂量鼻喷雾剂给药一次，持续2 h。每次尼古丁/安慰剂给药后，评估主观（视觉模拟量表、情绪状态特征、成瘾研究中心量表）和心血管（心率、收缩压和舒张压）反应。尼古丁增加了头冲，头晕，和大多数刺激作用（即神经过敏，紧张和觉醒，减少疲劳和放松），而酒精增加了醉酒，头冲，头晕和神经过敏，没有其他刺激作用。当尼古丁和酒精一起摄入时，通常会产生附加的主观和心血管效应，尽管尼古丁会减弱酒精单独的镇静和中毒效应。此外，涉及性别的主观测量结果也存在一些相互作用效应。尼古丁加酒精倾向于减弱一种药物或另一种药物单独对男性的一些主观影响，但增强了任何一种药物单独对女性的影响。这些研究结果表明，尼古丁和酒精通常具有附加的主观和心血管效应，但男性和女性对酒精和尼古丁组合的某些主观测量结果的反应不同。
Nicotine and alcohol are often consumed concurrently by smokers. Each drug alone produces significant subjective and cardiovascular responses, but the effects of the two drugs in combination have rarely been examined. Smokers who were moderate alcohol drinkers (n = 18, 9 males and 9 females) participated in four-sessions, involving acute administration of nicotine/placebo and alcohol/no alcohol. Subjects abstained overnight from tobacco and alcohol prior to each session. Nicotine (20 mu g/kg per presentation) or placebo was administered by measured-dose nasal spray every 30 min for 2 h following consumption of diet tonic water: with or without alcohol (0.5 g/kg). Subjective (visual analog scales, Profile of Mood States, Addiction Research Center Inventory) and cardiovascular (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) responses were assessed after each nicotine/placebo administration. Nicotine increased head rush, dizzy, and most stimulant effects (i.e. jittery, tension, and arousal and decreased fatigue and relaxed), while alcohol increased intoxication, head rush, dizzy, and jittery, with no other stimulant effects. Nicotine and alcohol generally produced additive subjective and cardiovascular effects when consumed together, although nicotine attenuated sedating and intoxicating effects of alcohol alone. Furthermore, there were several interaction effects on subjective measures involving gender. Nicotine plus alcohol tended to attenuate-some subjective effects due to one drug or the other alone in men but enhanced the effects of either alone in women. These findings indicate that nicotine and alcohol generally have additive subjective and cardiovascular effects, but that men and women differentially respond on some subjective measures to the combination of alcohol and nicotine.