Feminized Patriarchy? Orthodoxy and Gender in Post-Soviet Russia
Feminized Patriarchy? Orthodoxy and Gender in Post-Soviet Russia
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女性化的父权制？
DOI：
10.1086/668516
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Kizenko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Kizenko
后现代时期信奉父权宗教的女性面临着一种动态的张力。一方面，他们的宗教要求他们服从精神原则和代表这些原则的权威。另一方面，即使在最重男权的环境中，女性也可能找到协商她们与宗教关系的方法。后共产主义国家的妇女遇到了额外的具体问题。在几十年的迫害和国家对宗教活动的限制中，俄罗斯东正教似乎避免了新教和梵蒂冈二世后的罗马天主教对妇女更多参与教会生活的压力。然而，在共产主义垮台后，障碍消失了。虽然个人现在在实践东正教方面面临的障碍减少了，但俄罗斯东正教会的领导人将苏联时代的言论与西方自由主义混为一谈，将两者视为对东正教价值观的异己和敌意而加以拒绝；许多人反而试图肯定传统的性别角色是解决俄罗斯问题的灵丹妙药。俄罗斯的东正教女性正以新的方式在这一领域展开谈判，她们要么是普通的教区居民，要么是“艺术大师”，要么是成为牧师妻子和教堂唱诗班指挥的牧师女儿，要么是教会律师和教区负责人，要么是新兴的宗教出版物行业。
Women who practice patriarchal religions in the postmodern era face a dynamic tension. On the one hand, their religion calls on them to subordinate themselves to spiritual principles and to the authorities who represent these principles. On the other hand, even in the most patriarchal contexts, women may find ways of negotiating their relationship to religion. Women in postcommunist countries encounter additional, specific issues. During decades of persecution and state-set limits on religious practice, Russian Orthodox Christianity seemed to have avoided the pressures that moved both Protestantism and post–Vatican II Roman Catholicism toward women’s greater participation in church life. After the fall of communism, however, barriers shifted. While individuals now face fewer obstacles in practicing Orthodox Christianity, leaders of the Russian Orthodox Church conflate Soviet-era rhetoric and Western liberalism, rejecting both as alien and hostile to Orthodox values; many instead seek to affirm traditional gender roles as a panacea to Russia’s troubles. Orthodox women in Russia are negotiating this terrain in new ways, whether as casual parishioners, as “virtuosi,” as priests’ daughters who become priests’ wives and church choirmasters, as church lawyers and heads of parishes, or in the new religious publications industry.