Human Rights, Liberal Ontogenesis and Freedom
Human Rights, Liberal Ontogenesis and Freedom
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人权、自由本体论和自由
DOI：
10.1177/0305829810364876
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Louiza Odysseos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Louiza Odysseos
本文将自由主义视为以其标志性冲动为特征的政府技术——米歇尔·福柯称之为“最大经济的内部规则”——质疑人权如何产生一种独特的主体性（homo juridicus），它是一个服从于自治的主体，因此，充当新自由主义治理性的伙伴，实际上是谓词。本文以福柯对经济人的讨论为动力，追溯了人权的主体化关系，即人权如何将司法人称为一种独特的主体性类型，与经济人并行，使国家的收缩及其政府化成为可能。文章将这种主体化自由主义称为“本体发生”，并认为它采取四种不同但相关的形式：修辞、认知、表演和结构本体发生。它说明了每种形式的本体论如何通过它们的话语、知识生产、立法和“自由条件”的重组在全球范围内产生和产生——这是新自由主义的必要主题。因此，本文表明，人权有助于政府作为行为方式的演变，并不可逆转地重塑自由的真正含义和竞争的可能性。
Taking liberalism as a technology of government characterised by its signature impulse — what Michel Foucault called ‘the internal rule of maximum economy’ — the article interrogates the ways in which human rights produce a distinct subjectivity, homo juridicus, which is a subject amenable to self-government and, as such, acts as a partner, indeed a predicate, to neoliberal governmentality. Taking its impetus from Foucault’s discussion of homo oeconomicus , the article traces human rights’ relations of subjectification, that is, the ways in which human rights call homo juridicus into being as a distinct type of subjectivity that, in parallel to homo oeconomicus, makes possible the contraction of the state and its governmentalisation. The article calls such subjectification liberal ‘ontogenesis’ and argues that it takes four distinct but related forms: rhetorical, epistemic, performative and structural ontogenesis. It provides an illustration of how each of these forms of ontogenesis produce, and produce globally — through their discourses, knowledge production, law-making and restructuring of the ‘conditions of freedom’ — a necessary subject for neoliberalism. The article thereby shows that human rights assist in the evolution of government as the conduct of conduct, and irrevocably recast the very meaning of freedom and the possibilities for agonism.