The complex network of global cargo ship movements
The complex network of global cargo ship movements
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DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2009.0495
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发表时间：
2010-07-06
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Blasius, Bernd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaluza, Pablo;Koelzsch, Andrea;Blasius, Bernd
交通网络在人类流动、商品交换和入侵物种传播方面发挥着至关重要的作用。世界贸易的90%是通过海上运输的，全球商船网络提供了最重要的运输方式之一。在这里，我们使用的16363货船在2007年的行程信息，构建港口之间的联系网络。我们表明，该网络有几个功能，使其有别于其他交通网络。特别是，大多数船舶可分为三类：散装干货船、集装箱船和油轮。这三类船只不仅在物理特征上不同，而且在流动模式和网络上也不同。集装箱船遵循定期重复的路径，而散装干货船和油轮在港口之间的移动则不那么可预测。所有船舶运动的网络具有一个重尾分布的连接港口和船舶类型之间的系统差异的链接上运输的负载。本文分析的数据改进了当前基于船舶运动重力模型的假设，这是了解全球贸易和生物入侵模式的重要一步。
Transportation networks play a crucial role in human mobility, the exchange of goods and the spread of invasive species. With 90 per cent of world trade carried by sea, the global network of merchant ships provides one of the most important modes of transportation. Here, we use information about the itineraries of 16 363 cargo ships during the year 2007 to construct a network of links between ports. We show that the network has several features that set it apart from other transportation networks. In particular, most ships can be classified into three categories: bulk dry carriers, container ships and oil tankers. These three categories do not only differ in the ships' physical characteristics, but also in their mobility patterns and networks. Container ships follow regularly repeating paths whereas bulk dry carriers and oil tankers move less predictably between ports. The network of all ship movements possesses a heavy-tailed distribution for the connectivity of ports and for the loads transported on the links with systematic differences between ship types. The data analysed in this paper improve current assumptions based on gravity models of ship movements, an important step towards understanding patterns of global trade and bioinvasion.