Dissociation of alcohol-seeking and consumption under a chained schedule of oral alcohol reinforcement in baboons
Dissociation of alcohol-seeking and consumption under a chained schedule of oral alcohol reinforcement in baboons
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00662.x
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Weerts, Elise M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaminski, Barbara J.;Goodwin, Amy K.;Weerts, Elise M.
背景资料：强迫性饮酒的启动和维持涉及在环境线索存在下发生的一系列行为。使用酒精强化的链式时间表的动物模型可能有助于研究线索和酒精寻求和消费之间的复杂相互作用。在与获得4% w/v酒精相关的不同行为突发事件的背景下，出现了不同的线索（酒精寻求）并以酒精自我管理结束。首先，酒精相关的寻求响应的响应强度进行了评估，使用会话之间的累进比率（PR）的程序中，响应要求，以启动最终的应急和获得每日供应的酒精增加每届会议。完成的导致饮酒的最高反应要求被定义为临界点（BP）。第二，用水代替酒精，重复PR程序。随后的酒精或水consumption.Results的影响，增加“寻求”响应要求：当酒精是可用的，操作性反应，以获得和自我管理的酒精保持。当水代替酒精时，酒精相关的线索继续维持酒精寻求反应。然而，与水相比，当酒精可用时，发生更高的BP，更高的自我管理率和更高的摄入量。增加响应要求，以获得酒精并没有减少酒精消费（总酒精摄入量）。结论：这些结果表明，酒精相关的线索保持酒精寻求，即使经过长时间的只有水的可用性。线索维持的酒精寻求行为可以与随后的酒精消费分离。
Background: Initiation and maintenance of compulsive alcohol drinking involves a sequence of behaviors which occur in the presence of environmental cues. Animal models using chained schedules of alcohol reinforcement may be useful for examining the complex interactions between cues and alcohol-seeking and -consumption.Methods: Four baboons self-administered alcohol under a 3-component chained schedule of reinforcement; distinct cues were presented in the context of different behavioral contingencies associated with gaining access to 4% w/v alcohol (alcohol-seeking) and concluding with alcohol self-administration. First, the response strength of alcohol-related seeking responses was evaluated using a between-sessions progressive ratio (PR) procedure in which the response requirement to initiate the final contingency and gain access to the daily supply of alcohol was increased each session. The highest response requirement completed that resulted in alcohol access was defined as the breaking point (BP). Second, water was substituted for alcohol and PR procedures were repeated. The effects of increasing the "seeking" response requirement on subsequent alcohol or water consumption were also determined.Results: When alcohol was available, operant responses to gain access to and self-administer alcohol were maintained. When water was substituted for alcohol, alcohol-related cues continued to maintain alcohol-seeking responses. However, higher BPs, higher rates of self-administration and higher volumes of intake occurred when alcohol was available compared with water. Increasing the response requirement to gain access to alcohol did not reduce alcohol consumption (total alcohol intake).Conclusions: These results show that alcohol-related cues maintained alcohol-seeking even after a prolonged period of only water availability. Cue-maintained alcohol-seeking behavior can be dissociated from subsequent alcohol consumption.