The paradox of poverty in rich ecosystems: impoverishment and development in the A mazon of B razil and B olivia
The paradox of poverty in rich ecosystems: impoverishment and development in the A mazon of B razil and B olivia
复制标题
富裕生态系统中的贫困悖论：B razil 和 B olivia A 区的贫困与发展
DOI：
10.1111/geoj.12124
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ioris A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ioris A
这篇文章对亚马逊地区的贫困和发展进行了研究，超越了传统的观点，即把责任归咎于基础设施不足、经济孤立或体制失败。它研究了形成亚马逊地区持续贫困地理的协同关联过程。讨论的基础是在玻利维亚（潘多）和巴西（帕拉）两个标志性地区进行的定性研究。社会经济问题的直接和长期原因已经通过政治生态学的视角进行了重新解释，需要调查贫困地区在丰富的生态系统和丰富的土地资源中的明显悖论。实证结果表明，第一，发展是通过对整个社会的霸权来实现的，第二，由于贫穷是发展的持久实质，因此不能通过基于社会自然霸权的传统经济增长机制来减轻贫穷。主要结论是，克服贫困对亚马逊生态系统的影响需要一个激进的社会生态反应。此外，低收入群体的多重合法需求并非始于绝望的贫困状态，而是源于他们与森林生态系统以及亚马逊和其他地方的其他类似群体的互动所提供的力量。
The article offers an examination of poverty and development in the Amazon, moving beyond the conventional view which places the blame on infrastructure deficiencies, economic isolation or institutional failures. It examines synergistically connected processes that form the persistent poverty‐making geography of the Amazon region. The discussion is based on qualitative research conducted in two emblematic areas in Bolivia (Pando) and Brazil (Pará). The immediate and long‐term causes of socioeconomic problems have been reinterpreted through a politico‐ecological perspective required to investigate the apparent paradox of impoverished areas within rich ecosystems and abundant territorial resources. Empirical results demonstrate that, first, development is enacted through the exercise of hegemony over the entirety of socionature and, second, because poverty is the lasting materiality of development it cannot be alleviated through conventional mechanisms of economic growth based on socionatural hegemony. The main conclusion is that overcoming the imprint of poverty on Amazonian ecosystem entails a radical socioecological reaction. Additionally, the multiple and legitimate demands of low‐income groups do not start from a state of hopeless destitution, but from a position of strength provided by their interaction with the forest ecosystems and with other comparable groups in the Amazon and elsewhere.