DAMPs, PAMPs and alarmins: all we need to know about danger
DAMPs, PAMPs and alarmins: all we need to know about danger
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DOI：
10.1189/jlb.0306164
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Bianchi, Marco E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bianchi, Marco E.
多细胞动物通过一组识别病原体相关分子模式(PAMP)的受体来检测病原体。然而，病原体并不是组织和细胞损伤的唯一原因：创伤是另一个原因。越来越多的证据表明，创伤及其相关的组织损伤是通过受体介导的对死亡细胞释放的细胞内蛋白的检测在细胞水平上识别的。“警报蛋白”这一术语被用来对发出组织和细胞损伤信号的内源性分子进行分类。有趣的是，先天免疫和获得性免疫的效应细胞可以通过非经典途径分泌警报，当它们被PAMP或其他警报激活时，通常会这样做。因此，内源性ALMIN和外源性PAMP传递相似的信息并引起相似的反应；它们可以被认为是一个更大的集合的亚群，即损伤相关的分子模式(DAMP)。
Multicellular animals detect pathogens via a set of receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). However, pathogens are not the only causative agents of tissue and cell damage: trauma is another one. Evidence is accumulating that trauma and its associated tissue damage are recognized at the cell level via receptor-mediated detection of intracellular proteins released by the dead cells. The term "alarmin" is proposed to categorize such endogenous molecules that signal tissue and cell damage. Intriguingly, effector cells of innate and adaptive immunity can secrete alarmins via nonclassical pathways and often do so when they are activated by PAMPs or other alarmins. Endogenous alarmins and exogenous PAMPs therefore convey a similar message and elicit similar responses; they can be considered subgroups of a larger set, the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).