Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny
Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny
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DOI：
10.1038/nature05110
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发表时间：
2006-10-19
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Vilgalys, Rytas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James, Timothy Y.;Kauff, Frank;Vilgalys, Rytas
真菌的祖先被认为是具有鞭毛孢子的简单水生形式，类似于现存的壶菌门（壶菌门）的成员。目前的分类假设壶菌在真菌界形成了一个早期分化的分支，并暗示孢子鞭毛的单一损失，导致陆生真菌的多样化。在这里，我们利用来自6个基因区域和近200个物种的数据建立了真菌的系统发育假说。我们的结果表明，在真菌界可能至少有四个独立的鞭毛损失。游动孢子的损失与孢子传播新机制的进化相一致，如菌丝群的空中传播和小孢子虫（缺乏线粒体的单细胞形式）的极管外翻。神秘的微孢子虫似乎起源于一种类似于异菌罗泽拉的内生壶菌祖先，在真菌系统发育树的最早分支上。
The ancestors of fungi are believed to be simple aquatic forms with flagellated spores, similar to members of the extant phylum Chytridiomycota (chytrids). Current classifications assume that chytrids form an early-diverging clade within the kingdom Fungi and imply a single loss of the spore flagellum, leading to the diversification of terrestrial fungi. Here we develop phylogenetic hypotheses for Fungi using data from six gene regions and nearly 200 species. Our results indicate that there may have been at least four independent losses of the flagellum in the kingdom Fungi. These losses of swimming spores coincided with the evolution of new mechanisms of spore dispersal, such as aerial dispersal in mycelial groups and polar tube eversion in the microsporidia ( unicellular forms that lack mitochondria). The enigmatic microsporidia seem to be derived from an endoparasitic chytrid ancestor similar to Rozella allomycis, on the earliest diverging branch of the fungal phylogenetic tree.