Secondary dispersal by ants promotes forest regeneration after deforestation
Secondary dispersal by ants promotes forest regeneration after deforestation
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蚂蚁的二次扩散促进了森林砍伐后的森林再生
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.12226
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Schleuning
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gallegos;Hensen;Schleuning
许多热带森林的遗迹周围是以演替植被为主的森林砍伐区。虽然二次传播的分散囤积啮齿动物和蚂蚁可能会影响种子捕食和幼苗补充，很少有人知道它在退化的森林生态系统的重要性，我们研究了二次传播对种子捕食，发芽和幼苗补充的主要鸟类分散treeClusia trochiformisin热带山地森林在玻利维亚。我们进行了围封实验，允许或排除访问种子的脊椎动物在三种生境类型（森林内部，退化的栖息地接近和退化的栖息地远离林缘）在一个空间块设计在六个网站。我们提供了总共1440种子（有和没有假种皮），并标记了一半的线程，以遵循他们的命运后48小时和1 months.We发现，蚂蚁的二次扩散是最高的森林内部，但也经常在退化的栖息地接近和远离森林边缘。二次传播显着增加幼苗招聘，特别是在退化的栖息地，可能是因为种子往往被分散到网站下的落叶。招募成功率随着扩散距离的增加而显著增加。高招聘的二次分散的种子在退化的栖息地是由于减少捕食和种子已被蚂蚁移动的发芽增加的综合效果。在没有二次传播的情况下，退化栖息地的种子萌发和幼苗补充非常低。蚂蚁的种子传播大大增加了森林砍伐栖息地的自然更新。因此，我们的实验表明，生物相互作用对植物种群的影响可以在小的空间尺度上跨越栖息地的边界而变化，二次扩散是一个至关重要的和被忽视的过程，可以帮助热带地区森林砍伐栖息地的再生。
Many remnants of tropical forests are surrounded by deforested areas dominated by successional vegetation. Although secondary dispersal by scatter‐hoarding rodents and ants may influence seed predation and seedling recruitment, very little is known about its importance in degraded forest ecosystems.We studied the effects of secondary dispersal on seed predation, germination and seedling recruitment of the primarily bird‐dispersed treeClusia trochiformisin a tropical montane forest in Bolivia. We carried out exclosure experiments that allowed or excluded access to seeds by vertebrates in three habitat types (forest interior, degraded habitat close to and degraded habitat far from the forest margin) in a spatial block design at six sites. We offered a total of 1440 seeds (both with and without an aril) and marked half of them with a thread to follow their fate after 48 h and after 1 month.We found that secondary dispersal by ants was highest in the forest interior but was also frequent in degraded habitats close to and far from the forest edge. Secondary dispersal significantly increased seedling recruitment, particularly in the degraded habitats, probably because seeds were often dispersed to sites beneath the leaf litter. Recruitment success increased significantly with dispersal distance. High recruitment of secondarily dispersed seeds in the degraded habitat was due to the combined effect of reduced predation and increased germination of seeds that had been moved by ants.Synthesis. In the absence of secondary dispersal, seed germination and seedling recruitment were very low in degraded habitats. Seed dispersal by ants substantially increased natural regeneration in the deforested habitats. Our experiments thus demonstrate that the effects of biotic interactions on plant demography can vary across habitat boundaries at small spatial scales and that secondary dispersal is a crucial and overlooked process that can aid the regeneration of deforested habitats in the tropics.
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