Recognition of faux pas by normally developing children and children with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism
Recognition of faux pas by normally developing children and children with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1023035012436
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Plaisted, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baron-Cohen, S;O'Riordan, M;Plaisted, K
大多数心理理论(Tom)测试都是为4-6岁的受试者设计的。很少有针对年龄更大或能力更强的受试者的TOM测试。我们报告了一种新的TOM测试，专为7-11岁的儿童设计。这项任务涉及识别失礼行为。研究一测试了7-9岁和11岁的正常儿童。结果表明，发现失礼的能力随着年龄的增长而发展，并且男女之间存在着不同的发展概况(女性优势)。研究2测试了患有阿斯伯格综合症(AS)或高功能自闭症(HFA)的儿童，选择这些儿童是因为他们能够通过传统的4至6岁水平(一阶和二阶)的错误信念测试。结果表明，9到11岁的正常儿童擅长发现失态行为，而患有强直性脊柱炎或HFA的儿童在这一任务上受到损害。研究3报告了测试中的改进，采用了控制刺激。这重复了研究2的结果。一些AS或HFA患者能够识别失态的PA，但仍然产生了它们。未来的研究应该评估失礼的产生。
Most theory of mind (ToM) tests are designed for subjects with a mental age of 4-6 years. There are very few ToM tests for subjects who are older or more able than this. We report a new test of ToM, designed for children 7-11 years old. The task involves recognizing faux pas. Study 1 tested 7-9, and 11-year-old normal children. Results showed that the ability to detect faux pas developed with age and that there was a differential developmental profile between the two sexes (female superiority). Study 2 tested children with Asperger syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA), selected for being able to pass traditional 4- to 6-year level (first- and second-order) false belief tests. Results showed that whereas normal 9- to 11-year-old children were skilled at detecting faux pas, children with AS or HFA were impaired on this task. Study 3 reports a refinement in the test, employing control stimuli. This replicated the results from Study 2. Some patients with AS or HFA were able to recognize faux pas but still produced them. Future research should assess faux pas production.