Mechanisms of smooth pursuit eye movements in schizotypy
Mechanisms of smooth pursuit eye movements in schizotypy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cortex.2019.12.008
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Ettinger, Ulrich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Faiola, Eliana;Meyhoefer, Inga;Ettinger, Ulrich
一些研究表明，高度分裂型个体表现出平滑追求眼动（SPEM）缺陷，这被认为是精神分裂症的重要生物标志物。在精神分裂症中，异常的SPEM被认为是由运动感知障碍引起的。在分裂型中，导致SPEM表现下降的过程迄今尚未被研究，也没有关于分裂型运动感知缺陷的研究。因此，在这篇注册的报告中，我们的目的是研究运动感知是否在高度分裂型个体中受损，以及它如何影响SPEM的表现。在探索性的基础上，我们对分裂型和预测之间的联系感兴趣，这是SPEM的另一种机制。为了解决这个问题，在牛津-利物浦情感和经验量表（O-LIFE简表）中得分高的参与者和得分低的对照组参与者（每组N = 86）执行了一个标准的正弦SPEM任务，随机点运动图来测量运动感知，以及一个消隐SPEM任务来评估预测能力。进行了组比较和中介分析，以确定运动感知或预测是否对分裂型患者的SPEM表现负责。我们发现，与对照组相比，精神分裂型患者的空白SPEM表现有所下降，但在正弦SPEM和运动感知方面没有组间差异。虽然在分裂型中没有发现显著的SPEM表现介质，但探索性分析揭示了运动感知与SPEM增益之间的关联，而在低分裂型中则没有。我们的研究结果表明，尽管在预测中存在分裂型相关的损伤，但运动感知似乎是分裂型中更重要的SPEM表现预测因子。与SPEM表现无关的预测缺陷表明，保护因素（例如，其他认知过程）可能在分裂型个体中起作用，以维持SPEM表现在健康水平上。(C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Several studies suggest that highly schizotypal individuals display a deficit in smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM), which are considered an important biomarker of schizophrenia. In schizophrenia, abnormal SPEM is thought to be driven by impairments in motion perception. In schizotypy, the processes underlying reduced SPEM performance have not been examined so far, and there are no studies on motion perception deficits in schizotypy. Thus, in this registered report, we aimed to investigate whether motion perception is impaired in highly schizotypal individuals, and how it contributes to SPEM performance. On an exploratory basis, we were interested in the association between schizotypy and prediction, another mechanism underlying SPEM. To address this issue, participants with high total scores of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE short form) and control participants with low scores (N = 86 in each group) performed a standard sinusoidal SPEM task, random dot kinematograms to measure motion perception, and a blanking SPEM task to assess prediction abilities. Group comparisons as well as mediator analyses were carried out to identify whether motion perception or prediction are responsible for SPEM performance in schizotypy. We found reduced blanking SPEM performance in schizotypes compared to controls, but no group differences regarding sinusoidal SPEM and motion perception. Although no significant mediators were identified for SPEM performance in schizotypes, an exploratory analysis revealed an association between motion perception and SPEM gain in high, but not in low schizotypy. Our findings imply that despite the schizotypy-related impairment in prediction, motion perception seems to be a more important predictor of SPEM performance in schizotypes. A deficit in prediction that does not relate to SPEM performance suggests that protective factors (e.g., other cognitive processes) might operate in schizotypal individuals to maintain SPEM performance on a healthy level. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.