What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene flow.
What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene flow.
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DOI：
10.1111/eva.12380
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发表时间：
2016-08
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Buerkle CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gompert Z;Buerkle CA
杂交是一个强有力的进化过程，可以影响生物多样性的起源，维持和丧失。由于其生态和进化的后果，杂交的理解是重要的基础和应用科学，包括保护生物学和农业。在这里，我们回顾和讨论的想法，是有关的杂交和杂交的识别。我们用模拟来补充这一讨论。我们提出的想法有着悠久的历史，特别是在植物学方面，澄清它们应该对管理植物中的杂交和基因流动产生实际影响。我们的主要目标之一是说明我们可以和不可以从分子数据中推断杂交和杂交;换句话说，我们问，通常用于研究杂交的遗传分析何时可能误导我们关于基因流动和选择的历史或性质。我们专注于模式的变化时，杂交是最近和人口的多态性，这是特别翔实的应用问题，如当代杂交后，最近的生态变化。我们表明，杂交不是一个单一的过程，而是一个集合的相关过程与变量的结果和后果。因此，从个别研究中概括杂交的威胁或好处通常是不合适的，至少，避免对杂交和杂交的分类思考是很重要的。我们建议潜在的采样和分析方法，应该帮助我们面对这些复杂的杂交。
Hybridization is a potent evolutionary process that can affect the origin, maintenance, and loss of biodiversity. Because of its ecological and evolutionary consequences, an understanding of hybridization is important for basic and applied sciences, including conservation biology and agriculture. Herein, we review and discuss ideas that are relevant to the recognition of hybrids and hybridization. We supplement this discussion with simulations. The ideas we present have a long history, particularly in botany, and clarifying them should have practical consequences for managing hybridization and gene flow in plants. One of our primary goals is to illustrate what we can and cannot infer about hybrids and hybridization from molecular data; in other words, we ask when genetic analyses commonly used to study hybridization might mislead us about the history or nature of gene flow and selection. We focus on patterns of variation when hybridization is recent and populations are polymorphic, which are particularly informative for applied issues, such as contemporary hybridization following recent ecological change. We show that hybridization is not a singular process, but instead a collection of related processes with variable outcomes and consequences. Thus, it will often be inappropriate to generalize about the threats or benefits of hybridization from individual studies, and at minimum, it will be important to avoid categorical thinking about what hybridization and hybrids are. We recommend potential sampling and analytical approaches that should help us confront these complexities of hybridization.