Acoustic signature measurement of small multi-rotor unmanned aircraft systems
Acoustic signature measurement of small multi-rotor unmanned aircraft systems
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DOI：
10.1177/1756829316681868
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Clothier, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kloet, N.;Watkins, S.;Clothier, R.
这项工作描述了在产生一个小型多旋翼无人驾驶飞机系统的声学签名配置文件所涉及的测试。一个典型的多旋翼无人驾驶飞机系统，重量约为2.1公斤，用于声压级测量。这项研究建立了距离、海拔和声压级之间的关系，发现距离增加一倍时，声音衰减约为6dB（A）。研究了多旋翼无人飞行器系统的姿态效应。已确定，螺旋桨飞机中的多旋翼无人驾驶飞机系统的周边周围的声音轮廓没有显著变化。然而，当观察者在多旋翼无人驾驶飞机系统下方进行测量时，发现声压级的变化高达10 dB（A），最大声压级位于与水平方向约45度处。最后，使用声学阵列来测量主要声源的关键频率：马达和螺旋桨。研究发现，多旋翼无人机系统框架振动和安装方式引起的外部噪声也很常见。尽管测量到的声音水平相对较低（特别是与传统飞机和旋翼机相比），但在城市环境中，靠近人类和住宅的无人驾驶飞机系统的数量越来越多，这表明投诉可能会增加。因此，建议进一步研究，包括扩大多旋翼无人机系统的测试范围，引入DGPS，改进室内测试的安装，以及对声音进行心理声学分析。
This work describes the testing involved in generating an acoustic signature profile of a small multi-rotor unmanned aircraft system. A typical multi-rotor unmanned aircraft system, with a weight of approximately 2.1kg, was used for sound pressure level measurements. This study established a relationship between distance, altitude and sound pressure level, finding that the sound decays approximately in line with 6dB(A) reduction for a doubling of distance. The effect of the orientation of the multi-rotor unmanned aircraft system was also investigated. It was determined that the sound profile does not vary significantly around the periphery of the multi-rotor unmanned aircraft system in the propeller-plane. However, when measured with the observer underneath the multi-rotor unmanned aircraft system, the sound pressure level was found to vary by as much as 10dB(A), with the greatest sound pressure level at approximately 45 degrees from horizontal. Finally, an acoustic array was used to measure key frequencies for the main sound sources: motors and propellers. It was found that extraneous noise from the multi-rotor unmanned aircraft system frame vibration and mounting methods was also common. Despite relatively low levels of sound being measured (especially when compared with conventional aircraft and rotorcraft), the increasing numbers of unmanned aircraft systems in urban environments, close to humans and dwellings, suggests that increasing complaints are likely. Thus, further research was suggested, including expanding the range of multi-rotor unmanned aircraft system to be tested, introducing DGPS, improving the mounting for indoor testing, and psychoacoustic analysis of the sound.