Genetic tools to manipulate MRI contrast
Genetic tools to manipulate MRI contrast
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DOI：
10.1002/nbm.2907
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Pelled, Galit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Airan, Raag D.;Li, Nan;Pelled, Galit
20世纪70年代早期，分子生物学的进步彻底改变了研究复杂生物过程的研究策略，这反过来又对无创实时可视化这些动态生物变化的新手段提出了很高的要求。在这方面，MRI是一个完美的选择，因为它可以改变不同的对比机制。通过报告器和传感器的发展，以及转基因和基因敲除小鼠的成像，基因操作现在被转化为核磁共振成像。在过去的几年里，一种新的分子生物学工具，即光遗传学，已经出现，它允许使用光来操纵细胞行为。该技术与新开发的MRI技术相结合，提供了一些特别有吸引力的功能，用于探测体内细胞，特别是神经过程，特别是能够使用磁性惰性且不与射频脉冲相互作用的设备，以高时间分辨率控制焦点，遗传定义的细胞群。最近的研究表明，光遗传学和功能MRI （fMRI）的结合可以提供一个合适的平台，在细胞和分子水平上研究体内fMRI信号的神经元基础。此外，这种光遗传学与功能磁共振成像的新结合有可能解决突触前与突触后神经元活动的变化，以及与发育、学习和病理生理相关的可塑性背景下大型神经元网络活动的变化。版权所有：John Wiley & Sons， Ltd。
Advances in molecular biology in the early 1970s revolutionized research strategies for the study of complex biological processes, which, in turn, created a high demand for new means to visualize these dynamic biological changes noninvasively and in real time. In this respect, MRI was a perfect fit, because of the versatile possibility to alter the different contrast mechanisms. Genetic manipulations are now being translated to MRI through the development of reporters and sensors, as well as the imaging of transgenic and knockout mice. In the past few years, a new molecular biology toolset, namely optogenetics, has emerged, which allows for the manipulation of cellular behavior using light. This technology provides a few particularly attractive features for combination with newly developed MRI techniques for the probing of in vivo cellular and, in particular, neural processes, specifically the ability to control focal, genetically defined cellular populations with high temporal resolution using equipment that is magnetically inert and does not interact with radiofrequency pulses. Recent studies have demonstrated that the combination of optogenetics and functional MRI (fMRI) can provide an appropriate platform to investigate in vivo, at the cellular and molecular levels, the neuronal basis of fMRI signals. In addition, this novel combination of optogenetics with fMRI has the potential to resolve pre-synaptic versus post-synaptic changes in neuronal activity and changes in the activity of large neuronal networks in the context of plasticity associated with development, learning and pathophysiology. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.