When the subject follows the object. On a curiosity in the syntax of personal pronouns in some German dialects

When the subject follows the object. On a curiosity in the syntax of personal pronouns in some German dialects
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当主语跟随宾语时对某些德语方言中人称代词语法的好奇

DOI:
10.1007/s10828-015-9071-4
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Helmut
Helmut
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--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Helmut

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在本文中,我提出了新的数据,从几个德语方言有关的代名词主语和宾语的顺序。数据来自三个来源(温克调查,巴伐利亚语言地图集,黑森方言调查),涵盖了近150年的时间跨度,从而提供了一个非常强大的经验基础。尽管所有德语变体的规范顺序都是主语先于宾语,而且这种序列化对代词和非代词论元都成立,但在所有三个数据源中,代词的逆序都有一定比例。也就是说,有各种方言变体的说话者喜欢在主语之前使用宾语作为代词的无标记顺序(例如,你已经得到了。“你有帮助吗?”我将尝试解释逆序的出现,采用Fuelman和Wratil(2013)提出的空主语循环(NSC)作为出发点,并将其修改为更一般的代词循环(PC):PC意味着从完整的代词中发展出简化的代词,然后取代附着代词或空代词(取决于人和数的组合)。相反的顺序包括循环中的步骤,其中一个附着代词或一个空主语代词被一个简化的主语代词取代,最后一个附着代词从这个简化的主语代词演变出来。简化的主语代词跟在宾语附着词之后,就像附着词主语在一段短时间内跟在宾语附着词之后一样,然后再放在宾语附着词之前。在最后一节中,我讨论了形态范式和句法层面之间的可观察到的不匹配,句法需要一个三分的区别,其中形态大多只提供了两种不同的形式。
In this paper, I present new data from several German dialects concerning the order of pronominal subjects and objects. The data are taken from three sources (Wenker survey, Bavarian Linguistic Atlas, Syntax of Hessian Dialects) and cover a time span of nearly 150 years, thus providing a very robust empirical basis. Although the canonical order in all German varieties is subject before object and this serialization holds for pronominal as well as for non-pronominal arguments, a certain proportiom of reverse orders for pronouns is attested in all three data sources. That is, there are speakers of various dialectal varieties who prefer object before subject as the unmarked order of pronouns (e.g.,haben dir sie geholfenlit. ‘have you they helped’). I will try to explain the emergence of the reverse order adopting the null subject cycle (NSC) proposed by Fuß and Wratil (2013) as a point of departure and modifying it into a more general pronoun cycle (PC): The PC implies the development of reduced pronouns out of full ones, which then replace clitic or null pronouns (depending on the person and number combination). The reverse order comprises the steps in the cycle where a clitic or a null subject pronoun is replaced with a reduced subject pronoun out of which eventually a clitic pronoun evolves. The reduced subject pronoun follows the object clitic as the clitic subject does as well for a short period of time before it is placed again before the object clitic. In the concluding section I discuss the observable mismatch between morphological paradigms and the syntactic level, in that syntax requires a tripartite distinction for which morphology mostly provides only two distinct forms.
评论。《Zu Mikro-/Varietätenlinguistik》,Werner Abraham 和 Elisabeth Leiss 编着(Linguistische Berichte 19)。汉堡:Helmut Buske Verlag,第 49.90 页。
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