Regulation of Development in Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus.
Regulation of Development in Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus.
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DOI：
10.4489/myco.2010.38.4.229
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发表时间：
2010-12
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Yu JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu JH
曲霉属的成员是最常见的真菌，它们都通过形成长链的分生孢子(或分生孢子)进行无性繁殖。各种曲霉菌对人类的影响从有益到有害不等。例如，包括米曲霉和黑曲霉在内的几个物种被用于工业生产酶和食品加工。相比之下，黄曲霉会产生最强的天然致癌物质黄曲霉毒素，它会污染各种动植物食品。重要的是，人体条件致病菌烟曲霉菌已成为发达国家最常见的空气传播真菌病原体，可引起免疫功能低下患者的侵袭性曲霉病，死亡率高。烟曲霉菌产生大量的疏水小分生孢子，作为传播、生存、基因组保护和感染宿主的主要手段。由于烟曲霉菌基因组测序的完成，现在可以进行大规模的全基因组表达研究。然而，当基因组学与遗传学相结合时，它会变得更加强大和信息量更大。我们一直在研究烟曲霉无性发育(分生孢子)和胶质毒素生物合成的调控机制，主要集中在模式真菌nidulans中发现的关键发育调节因子的特征上。在这篇综述中，我将总结我们目前对两个曲霉的分生孢子是如何被调节的理解。
Members of the genus Aspergillus are the most common fungi and all reproduce asexually by forming long chains of conidiospores (or conidia). The impact of various Aspergillus species on humans ranges from beneficial to harmful. For example, several species including Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger are used in industry for enzyme production and food processing. In contrast, Aspergillus flavus produce the most potent naturally present carcinogen aflatoxins, which contaminate various plant- and animal-based foods. Importantly, the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus has become the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen in developed countries, causing invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients with a high mortality rate. A. fumigatus produces a massive number of small hydrophobic conidia as the primary means of dispersal, survival, genome-protection, and infecting hosts. Large-scale genome-wide expression studies can now be conducted due to completion of A. fumigatus genome sequencing. However, genomics becomes more powerful and informative when combined with genetics. We have been investigating the mechanisms underlying the regulation of asexual development (conidiation) and gliotoxin biosynthesis in A. fumigatus, primarily focusing on a characterization of key developmental regulators identified in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans. In this review, I will summarize our current understanding of how conidiation in two aspergilli is regulated.