Effects of rainfall harvesting and mulching technologies on soil water, temperature, and maize yield in Loess Plateau region of China
Effects of rainfall harvesting and mulching technologies on soil water, temperature, and maize yield in Loess Plateau region of China
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DOI：
10.1071/sr11331
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Yang, Baoping
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Rong;Hou, Xianqing;Yang, Baoping
降水是黄土高原半干旱区作物生长的主要限制因子。带覆盖物的垄沟集雨系统（RFRHS）用于增加作物的水分供应，从而改善和稳定中国半干旱地区的农业生产。2007 - 2010年在渭北旱塬进行了田间试验，研究了不同覆盖方式下旱作玉米对土壤水分、温度、水分利用效率和玉米产量的影响。在所有RFRHS处理中，垄上覆盖标准塑料膜，而不同的沟处理覆盖标准塑料膜（PP）、生物降解膜（PB）、玉米秸秆（PS）、液体膜（PL）或不覆盖（P）。不覆盖的常规平坦处理被用作对照。在玉米生长前期，PP和PB处理的5-20 cm土壤温度显著高于对照（P < 0.05），而PS处理的土壤温度显著低于对照（P < 0.05）。PP、PB和PS处理也显著提高了作物生长初期的土壤含水量。在生育中后期，PS处理的土壤含水量与对照差异不显著。但PP和PB处理深层土壤含水量低于对照。在整个生长季中，PL和P处理的土壤温度和土壤含水量均略高于对照。PP、PB和PS处理的玉米产量和水分利用效率较高。与对照相比，PP、PB和PS处理的4年平均玉米产量分别提高了35%、35%和34%，而水分利用效率分别提高了30%、31%和29%，差异显著（P < 0.05）。净收入以PS最高，其次是PB，与对照相比，4年平均净收入分别增加了2779和2752中国元（CNY）ha（-1）。垄上覆盖标准地膜，沟内覆盖生物降解膜或秸秆，可改善土壤水热条件，提高玉米产量和纯收入。因此，这两种处理被认为是最有效的干旱，半湿润地区的黄土高原，中国的玉米生产。
Precipitation is the major factor limiting crop growth in the semi-arid Loess Plateau region of China. Ridge-and-furrow rainfall harvesting systems (RFRHS) with mulches are used to increase water availability to crops, thereby improving and stabilising agricultural production in the semi-arid region of China. We conducted a field experiment from 2007 to 2010 in the Weibei Highlands of China, to determine the influence of RFRHS with different mulching patterns on soil water content, temperature, water-use efficiency, and maize yield (Zea mays L.). Ridges were covered with standard plastic film in all RFRHS treatments, while different furrow treatments were mulched with standard plastic film (PP), biodegradable film (PB), maize straw (PS), or liquid film (PL), or left uncovered (P). A conventional flat treatment without mulching was used as the control. In the early stage of maize growth, the topsoil temperature (5-20 cm) under PP and PB was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than under the control, whereas the soil temperature under PS was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than under the control. Treatments PP, PB, and PS also significantly improved soil water content during early growth stages. There was no significant difference in soil water content between PS and the control during middle and late growth stages. However, the soil water content in the deep soil layers with PP and PB was less than that of the control. Soil temperature and soil water content of PL and P were slightly higher than the control during the whole growing season. Higher maize yield and water-use efficiency was found with PP, PB, and PS. Compared with the control, the 4-year average maize yield with PP, PB, and PS was significantly (P < 0.05) increased, by 35, 35, and 34%, while the average water-use efficiency increased by 30, 31, and 29%, respectively. Net income was highest with PS, followed by PB, where the 4-year average net income increased by 2779 and 2752 Chinese yuan (CNY) ha(-1), respectively, compared with the control. Soil water and temperature conditions were improved, while the maize yield and net income were increased, when ridges were covered with standard plastic film and the furrows were mulched with either biodegradable film or straw. Therefore, these two treatments are considered most efficient for maize production in the drought-prone, semi-humid region of the Loess Plateau, China.