PARASITOIDS AND HYPERPARASITOIDS OF ZEIRAPHERA-DINIANA [LEP, TORTRICIDAE] AND THEIR ROLE IN POPULATION-CONTROL IN OUTBREAK AREAS
PARASITOIDS AND HYPERPARASITOIDS OF ZEIRAPHERA-DINIANA [LEP, TORTRICIDAE] AND THEIR ROLE IN POPULATION-CONTROL IN OUTBREAK AREAS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02371940
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
DELUCCHI, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DELUCCHI, V
有109个spp。与Z.欧洲中部阿尔卑斯山的落叶松害虫。90种为初级寄生蜂，6种为兼性次级寄生蜂，13种为专性次级寄生蜂。在家庭层面上，复合体的组成似乎是相同的，在每个爆发区的主机，以鱼形目占主导地位。在上恩加丁谷（瑞士），在连续3个暴发期（28年）进行了深入研究，代表了65%的综合体。命名Z.并尽可能明确了小蜂寄生蜂的种类。文献中引用的许多物种名称是同义词或误认。寄生蜂复合体及其伴生捕食性天敌的分布。diniana不能减缓暴发区寄主密度的增长速度。这一事实刺激了对最重要的寄生虫物种的研究，即，在一段时间内，对灰植瘿蚊（姬蜂科）、点斑姬小蜂（Sympiesis punctifrons Thomson）、韦斯特伍德双角象甲（Dicladocerus westwoodi）和圆斑象甲（Elachertus argiss步行者）（Eulophidae）进行了研究。10年最近的研究表明，Z.小食心虫进入暴发区期间，寄主密度的增加是非常重要的。天敌（一化性天敌）的增长率永远不可能等于或超过其寄主的增长率;因此，单靠这些天敌来控制是不可能的。
There are 109 spp. of primary and secondary parasitoids associated with Z. diniana Guenee [a pest of larch] in the central European Alps. Ninety species are primary, 6 facultative secondary and 13 obligate secondary parasitoids. At the family level, the composition of the complex seems to be the same in every outbreak area of the host, with ichneumonids predominating. In the Upper Engadine Valley (Switzerland), where intensive studies were conducted over a period of 3 consecutive outbreak periods (28 yr), 65% of the complex is represented. The nomenclature of Z. diniana parasitoids was clarified as far as possible. Many species names cited in the literature are synonyms or misidentifications. The complex of parasitoids, together with the associated predators of Z. diniana, is unable to slow down the rate of density increase of the host in outbreak areas. This fact has stimulated investigations on the most important parasitoid species, i.e., Phytodietus griseanae Kerr (Ichneumonidae), Sympiesis punctifrons Thomson, Dicladocerus westwoodi and Elachertus argiss Walker (Eulophidae) over a period of .apprx. 10 yr. Recent research has demonstrated that immigration of Z. diniana moths into the outbreak areas during the phase of host density increase is very important. The rate of increase of the natural enemies (which are univoltine) can never equal or exceed that of their host; consequently, control by these natural enemies alone is not possible.