Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention
Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention
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DOI：
10.3758/cabn.7.2.109
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Baime, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jha, Amishi P.;Krompinger, Jason;Baime, Michael J.
正念被定义为对当下时刻的关注。我们研究这样一个假设：正念训练可能会改变或增强注意力的特定方面。我们考察了三个在功能和神经解剖学上不同但有重叠的注意子系统：警觉、定向和冲突监测。每个子系统的功能通过注意力网络测试（ANT；范等人，2002）的表现来衡量。我们研究了两种类型的正念训练（MT）项目，并在训练前（时间1）和训练后（时间2）对参与者进行行为测试。一个训练组由不了解正念技术的个体组成，他们参加了一个为期8周的基于正念的减压（MBSR）课程，该课程强调专注冥想技能的培养。另一个训练组由有专注冥想技术经验的个体组成，他们参加了一个为期1个月的强化正念静修。将这些组的表现与不了解冥想且未接受正念训练的对照组参与者进行比较。在时间1，静修组的参与者相对于MBSR组和对照组的参与者，在冲突监测表现上有所提高。在时间2，MBSR课程的参与者与对照组和静修组的参与者相比，在定向方面有显著改善。相比之下，静修组的参与者在警觉成分上的表现有所改变，与对照组和MBSR组的参与者相比，在外源性刺激检测方面有所提高。在时间2，各组在冲突监测表现上没有差异。这些结果表明，正念训练可能通过增强注意力特定子成分的功能来改善与注意力相关的行为反应。参加MBSR课程提高了内源性定向注意力的能力，而参加静修似乎有助于接受性注意力技能的发展和出现，从而改善了与外源性警觉相关的过程。
Mindfulness is defined as paying attention in the present moment. We investigate the hypothesis that mindfulness training may alter or enhance specific aspects of attention. We examined three functionally and neuroanatomically distinct but overlapping attentional subsystems: alerting, orienting, and conflict monitoring. Functioning of each subsystem was indexed by performance on the Attention Network Test (ANT; Fan, McCandliss, Sommer, Raz, & Posner, 2002). Two types of mindfulness training (MT) programs were examined, and behavioral testing was conducted on participants before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) training. One training group consisted of individuals naive to mindfulness techniques who participated in an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course that emphasized the development of concentrative meditation skills. The other training group consisted of individuals experienced in concentrative meditation techniques who participated in a 1 -month intensive mindfulness retreat. Performance of these groups was compared with that of control participants who were meditation naive and received no MT. At Time 1, the participants in the retreat group demonstrated improved conflict monitoring performance relative to those in the MBSR and control groups. At Time 2, the participants in the MBSR course demonstrated significantly improved orienting in comparison with the control and retreat participants. In contrast, the participants in the retreat group demonstrated altered performance on the alerting component, with improvements in exogenous stimulus detection in comparison with the control and MBSR participants. The groups did not differ in conflict monitoring performance at Time 2. These results suggest that mindfulness training may improve attention-related behavioral responses by enhancing functioning of specific subcomponents of attention. Whereas participation in the MBSR course improved the ability to endogenously orient attention, retreat participation appeared to allow for the development and emergence of receptive attentional skills, which improved exogenous alerting-related process.