Duplex Surface Treatment – Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Subsequent Electron Beam Hardening (EBH)
Duplex Surface Treatment – Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Subsequent Electron Beam Hardening (EBH)
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DOI：
10.1002/adem.201300411
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发表时间：
2014-05
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
G. Grumbt;R. Zenker;H. Biermann;K. Weigel;K. Bewilogua;G. Bräuer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Grumbt;R. Zenker;H. Biermann;K. Weigel;K. Bewilogua;G. Bräuer
高性能工具和部件的表面暴露于叠加的机械、热、磨损和/或腐蚀性载荷。如果不针对这些复杂的需求采取适当的措施，例如通过使用组合处理，工业应用是有限的或不可能的。物理气相沉积（PVD）硬质涂层是一种成熟的技术，可提高耐磨性并减少工具和部件上的摩擦。然而，硬涂层不能在“软”基材（BM）上展现其全部优异性能。除了切削工具外，硬质合金或莱氏体高速钢通常用作基体材料，热加工和冷加工工具钢分别用于弯曲工具和成形或冲压模具。淬火和回火钢用于例如动力传动系部件的情况。由于高且复杂的负载条件，特别是如果所要求的沉积温度处于发生基体材料（钢）回火的水平，则需要进行额外的热处理。因此，硬涂层的能力显着增加，因为BM的负载支撑得到改善（例如，氮化和PVD硬涂层，或CVD硬涂层，以及表面硬化）。PVD硬涂层和电子束表面硬化（EBH）的双重处理是产生这种效果的特别合适的组合。与火焰、感应或激光束硬化等传统表面硬化工艺相比，能量输入与表面粗糙度无关（特别是对于抛光或镜面表面），并且可以精确计量和定位。因此，可以将热处理限制在高负载下，
The surfaces of high-performance tools and components are exposed to superimposed mechanical, thermal, wear, and/or corrosive loads. Without taking appropriate measures against these complex demands, through the use of, for example, combined treatments, an industrial application is limited or impossible. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) hard coating is a wellestablished technology for increasing wear resistance and reducing friction on tools and components. However, hard coatings cannot exhibit the full range of their excellent properties on “soft” base materials (BM). Apart from cutting tools, where cemented carbides or ledeburitic high-speed steels are commonly used as substrate materials, hot work and cold work tool steels are used for bending tools and forming or punching dies, respectively. Quenched and tempered steels are used in the case of power train components, for example. Due to the high and complex loading conditions and, especially, if the requested deposition temperatures are on a level where tempering of the substrate material (steel) occurs, it is necessary to carry out an additional heat treatment. The capability of hard coatings is thereby significantly increased, because the load support of the BM is improved (e.g., nitriding and PVD hard coating, or CVD hard coating, and surface hardening). The duplex treatment of PVD hard coating and electron beam surface hardening (EBH) is a particularly suitable combination for creating this effect. Compared with conventional surface hardening processes like flame, induction, or laser beam hardening, the energy input is independent of surface roughness (especially for polished or mirror-like surfaces), as well as being precisely dosed and positioned. It is therefore possible to limit the heat treatment to highly loaded