Acquired tolerance of foreign cells in newborn animals.
Acquired tolerance of foreign cells in newborn animals.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1956.0073
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发表时间：
1956-11-13
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
BRENT, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BILLINGHAM, R E;BRENT, L
在免疫防御机制功能成熟之前，通过将抗原刺激以活的同源组织细胞的形式引入胚胎，可以通过实验实现皮肤同种移植物的获得性耐受（Billingham、Brent & Medawar 1953、1956）。实际上，这可以通过以下一种或多种方式来实现，具体取决于所涉及的物种： (a) 在小鼠、大鼠和兔子中，通过将细胞直接注射到胎儿中； (b) 在鸟类中，通过将血液注射到绒毛尿囊循环中，或 (c) 通过胚胎的联体共生，这是 Hašek (I953) 发明的一种巧妙的技术，可导致血细胞交换，或 (d) 通过将组织移植到绒毛尿囊膜上。尽管这些技术中的任何一种都能够对晚年移植的同种皮肤产生非常高的耐受性，但不幸的是，每种技术都有其自身的技术缺陷。特别是，这些技术都受到非常高的死亡率的严重限制，这是实验干扰子宫卵的直接结果。由于这个和其他原因，它们不容易用于分析需要使用相对大量的耐受动物的问题。
Acquired tolerance of skin homografts may be brought about experimentally by the introduction of the antigenic stimulus, in the form of living homologous tissue cells, into the embryo before its immunological defence mechanism has become functionally mature (Billingham, Brent & Medawar 1953, 1956). In practice, this may be accomplished in one or other of the following ways, depending on the species concerned: (a) in mice, rats and rabbits, by direct injection of cells into the foetus; (b) in birds, by the injection of blood into the chorioallantoic circulation, or (c) by the parabiosis of embryos, an ingenious technique devised by Hašek (I953) which leads to an exchange of blood cells, or (d) by the transplantation of tissues to the chorioallantoic membrane. Although any one of these techniques is capable of inducing a very high degree of tolerance in respect of skin homografts transplanted in later life each, unfortunately, has its own technical shortcomings. In particular, these techniques are all severely restricted by a very high rate of mortality which is a direct result of experimental interferencein uteroorin ovo. For this and other reasons they do not easily lend themselves to the analysis of problems which require the use of relatively large numbers of tolerant animals.