Informal Networks, International Developments and the Founding of the First Interest-Representing Associations of Disabled People in Hungary in the Late Socialist Period (1970s – 1980s)
Informal Networks, International Developments and the Founding of the First Interest-Representing Associations of Disabled People in Hungary in the Late Socialist Period (1970s – 1980s)
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社会主义后期（1970 年代 – 1980 年代）匈牙利第一个残疾人利益代表协会的建立和非正式网络、国际发展
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
M. Baár
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作者：
M. Baár
本文重点关注最近社会主义时期匈牙利残疾人公民的基层活动，并涉及最早的两个代表利益的组织，即 1981 年全国身体残疾人协会和全国精神和智力残疾儿童家长协会的出现。通过将残疾人的活动置于国家社会主义制度的背景下，本文还思考了更广泛的问题：是否以及在何种程度上可以谈论“社会运动”，以及如何谈论“社会运动”。匈牙利残疾人的活动与世界其他地方的残疾人权利运动参与者的活动相比。针对匈牙利案例的具体特征，文章强调了非正式网络的关键作用。此外，它认为，与其他（资本主义）国家的自决努力是针对医学和专业专家的居高临下态度相反，匈牙利的残疾人活动家得到了这些专业团体的积极和全心全意的帮助，以实现他们的解放愿望。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，本文指出了国际联系的重要性，并将匈牙利残疾人的活动纳入国际发展的范围内，特别是在国际残疾人年（1981）期间一些国家增加的活动范围内。关键词：残疾人运动、匈牙利、非正式网络
The article focuses on the grassroots activities of disabled citizens in Hungary during the recent socialist period and relates to the emergence of the first two interest-representing organisations, the National Association of People with Physical Disabilities and the National Association of Parents of Children with Mental and Intellectual Disabilities in 1981. By contextualising the disabled people’s activities within the state socialist system, the article also contemplates the broader question if and to what extent it is possible to speak about a “social movement” and how the Hungarian disabled people’s activities compare to those of disabilty rights movement participants elsewhere in the world. With regard to the specific traits of the Hungarian case, the article emphasises the crucial role of informal networks. Moreover, it argues that contrary to other (capitalist) countries where the efforts of self-determination were directed against the patronising attidues of medical and professional experts, disabled activists in Hungary were actively and wholeheartedly assisted in their emancipatory desires by these professional groups. Last but not least, the article points to the significance of international connections and accommodates the activities of Hungarian disabled people within international developments and particularly within the increased activities in several countries during the International Year of Disabled Persons (1981). Keywords: Disability Movement, Hungary, Informal Networks