EFFECTS OF SITE OF TACTILE STIMULATION ON THE ESCAPE SWIMMING RESPONSES OF HATCHLING XENOPUS-LAEVIS EMBRYOS
EFFECTS OF SITE OF TACTILE STIMULATION ON THE ESCAPE SWIMMING RESPONSES OF HATCHLING XENOPUS-LAEVIS EMBRYOS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb05132.x
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发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
ROBERTS, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BOOTHBY, KM;ROBERTS, A
刚孵化的非洲爪哇胚胎通常会在皮肤接触到细毛时游泳。较不常见的是较小的局部V形屈曲和较一般的C形屈曲。简单的屈曲或游泳开始时的初始屈曲主要发生在刺激的对侧，以引导动物远离刺激。向中线划水会导致反应的随机侧向性。刺激越偏向，游泳时屈曲侧度和第一屈曲的可靠性就越低。游泳路径的方向范围更大，有更多的吻部刺激，因此对头部刺激的反应在方向上是不可预测的。在被α-银环蛇毒素固定的动物中，皮肤的中风产生电记录的运动输出，对应于：V屈曲、C屈曲和游泳。虚构的活动通常是从刺激的反面开始的。这些虚构的反应表明，观察到的三种基本行为模式可以完全在中枢神经系统内产生，而没有任何感觉反馈。我们讨论了对头部刺激产生多变反应的可能机制，这些反应在方向上是不可预测的。
Hatchling Xenopus laevis embryos usually swim when the skin is touched with a fine hair. Less common are small, local V-flexions and more general C-flexions. Simple flexions or the initial flexion at the start of swimming occur predominantly on the opposite side to the stimulus to direct the animal away from the stimulus. Strokes to the midline lead to random sidedness of responses.The reliability of the sidedness of flexions and the first flexions of swimming decreases the more rostrally the stimuli are given. The range of directions of swimming paths are larger with more rostral stimuli so responses to head stimuli are unpredictable in direction.In animals immobilized in alpha-bungarotoxin, strokes to the skin produce electrically recorded motor output which corresponds to: V-flexions, C-flexions and swimming. Fictive activity generally starts on the side opposite to the stimulus. The fictive responses suggest that the three basic behaviour patterns observed can be generated entirely within the central nervous system without any sensory feedback.We discuss possible mechanisms for the generation of 'protean' responses to head stimulation which are unpredictable in direction.