Modeling Informality Formally: Households and Firms
Modeling Informality Formally: Households and Firms
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正式建模非正式性：家庭和企业
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Weinschelbaum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sebastian Galiani;F. Weinschelbaum
在大多数发展中国家，非正规现象十分普遍。在拉丁美洲，50%的受薪雇员从事非正式工作。三个程式化的事实表征非正规性：1）小公司倾向于非正式经营，而大公司倾向于正式经营; 2）非熟练工人往往是非正式的，而熟练工人有正式的工作; 3）在其他条件相同的情况下，次要工人不太可能比主要工人正式经营。我们建立了一个模型来解释所有这些事实。在我们的模型中，异质企业和工人都对他们经营的部门有偏好，并选择最佳的正式或非正式运作。有两个劳动力市场，一个是正式的，另一个是非正式的，企业和工人在其中都不受约束。相比之下，现有文献的一个显着特征是工人的决策在决定经济均衡方面不起作用的观点。使用我们的模型，我们表明，增加参与的二次工人往往会提高水平的非正规经济。这一影响部分解释了过去二十年来拉丁美洲非正规就业增加的原因。
Informality is widespread in most developing countries. In Latin America, 50 percent of salaried employees work informally. Three stylized facts characterize informality: 1) small firms tend to operate informally while large firms tend to operate formally; 2) unskilled workers tend to be informal while skilled ones have formal jobs; 3) Ceteris paribus, secondary workers are less likely to operate formally than primary workers. We develop a model that account for all these facts. In our model both heterogeneous firms and workers have preferences over the sector they operate and choose optimally whether to function formally or informally. There are two labor markets, one formal and the other informal, and both firms and workers act unconstrained in them. By contrast, a prominent feature of the pre-existing literature is the idea that worker’s decisions play no role in determining the equilibrium of the economy. Using our model, we show that an increase in the participation of secondary workers would tend to raise the level of informality in the economy. This effect partially accounts for the increases in informality seen in Latin America over the past two decades.