Host benefit and the evolution of specialization in symbiosis
Host benefit and the evolution of specialization in symbiosis
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00455.x
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发表时间：
1998-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
A. E. Douglas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. E. Douglas
各种动物和植物受益于共生微生物，但微生物共生体的有效性（即动物/植物宿主从共生中获得的益处的量）在自然种群中的共生体基因型之间变化。最近对共生与水平传播的研究表明，三个因素可能有助于这种变化：（a）微生物共生体利用宿主的选择压力，导致宿主利益降低（B）宿主从不同共生体基因型获得的利益量随环境条件的变化和（c）可用于感染来自游离共生体的宿主的微生物伴侣的不可预测或低丰度。生活环境后两个因素将抵消选择压力的主机专业化（即形成共生体专门与高效的共生体基因型），尽管共生体的有效性变化。垂直传播被认为是有效共生体宿主专业化的关键途径。
Various animals and plants benefit from symbiotic micro-organisms, but the effectiveness of the microbial symbionts (i.e. the amount of benefit that the animal/plant host derives from the symbiosis) varies among symbiont genotypes in natural populations. Recent studies on symbioses with horizontal transmission suggest that three factors may contribute to this variation: (a) selection pressure on the microbial symbionts to exploit the host, resulting in reduced host benefit (b) variation with environmental circumstances in the amount of benefit derived by a host from different symbiont genotypes and (c) unpredictable or low abundance of the microbial partner available to infect hosts from the free-living environment. The latter two factors would counter the selection pressure on hosts to specialize (i.e. to form symbioses exclusively with highly effective symbiont genotypes), despite variation in symbiont effectiveness. Vertical transmission is identified as a key route to host specialization on effective symbionts.