A half-second glimpse often lets radiologists identify breast cancer cases even when viewing the mammogram of the opposite breast
A half-second glimpse often lets radiologists identify breast cancer cases even when viewing the mammogram of the opposite breast
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1606187113
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发表时间：
2016-09-13
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Wolfe, Jeremy M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, Karla K.;Haygood, Tamara Miner;Wolfe, Jeremy M.
人类非常擅长在几分之一秒内提取场景的“要点”。我们发现，放射科医生在半秒的观察后就能以高于概率的水平区分正常和异常的乳房x线照片（d'类似于1），但在定位异常方面却很难。这种结果模式表明，他们正在探测到一种全球性的异常信号。支持这种能力的刺激特性是什么？我们在四个实验中调查了主旨信号的性质，通过要求放射科医生对图像的空间频率、对称性和/或大小被操纵的简短乳房x线照片做出检测和定位反应。我们表明，信号在更高的空间频率中更强。性能不依赖于检测破坏正常对称的左右乳房。此外，使用仅在另一个乳房有明显癌症迹象的患者的正常乳房的图像进行高于概率的分类是可能的。一些信号出现在实质（乳腺组织）的部分，没有病变或在对侧乳房。该信号似乎不是对乳腺密度的简单评估，而是基于专家学习的广泛分布的图像统计来检测异常要点。与疾病相关的全局信号可以在不包含病变的实质中检测到，这一发现对改善乳腺癌的检测具有重要意义。
Humans are very adept at extracting the "gist" of a scene in a fraction of a second. We have found that radiologists can discriminate normal from abnormal mammograms at above-chance levels after a half-second viewing (d' similar to 1) but are at chance in localizing the abnormality. This pattern of results suggests that they are detecting a global signal of abnormality. What are the stimulus properties that might support this ability? We investigated the nature of the gist signal in four experiments by asking radiologists to make detection and localization responses about briefly presented mammograms in which the spatial frequency, symmetry, and/or size of the images was manipulated. We show that the signal is stronger in the higher spatial frequencies. Performance does not depend on detection of breaks in the normal symmetry of left and right breasts. Moreover, above-chance classification is possible using images from the normal breast of a patient with overt signs of cancer only in the other breast. Some signal is present in the portions of the parenchyma (breast tissue) that do not contain a lesion or that are in the contralateral breast. This signal does not appear to be a simple assessment of breast density but rather the detection of the abnormal gist may be based on a widely distributed image statistic, learned by experts. The finding that a global signal, related to disease, can be detected in parenchyma that does not contain a lesion has implications for improving breast cancer detection.