Give Me Just a Little More Time: Effects of Alcohol on the Failure and Recovery of Cognitive Control
Give Me Just a Little More Time: Effects of Alcohol on the Failure and Recovery of Cognitive Control
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DOI：
10.1037/a0035662
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Lust, Sarah A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bailey, Kira;Bartholow, Bruce D.;Lust, Sarah A.
许多外化行为，从攻击性到冒险再到吸毒，都源于认知控制受损，包括酒精的急性影响。尽管研究普遍表明酒精会损害认知能力，但仔细研究文献表明，酒精的影响是多种多样的，可能取决于许多背景因素。本研究的目的是通过对成功和不成功的控制尝试的神经和行为反应来表征酒精对认知控制的影响。参与者被随机分配到在完成认知控制(侧翼)任务之前饮用酒精(0.80g/kg乙醇)、安慰剂或非酒精控制饮料，同时记录事件相关脑电位。酒精降低了错误实验中错误相关负向的幅度，增加了反应时的后视相容效应。特别令人感兴趣的是，冲突监测和表现调整的神经指数(额部慢波)被酒精衰减，但仅在出错后的试验中。然而，这些功能在一次错误后通过两次尝试已经恢复。这些发现表明，酒精对认知控制的影响最好被描述为控制失败后受损(或延迟)的恢复。这些发现对理解酒精对行为失控的影响的意义进行了讨论。
Numerous externalizing behaviors, from aggression to risk taking to drug abuse, stem from impaired cognitive control, including that brought about by the acute effects of alcohol. Although research generally indicates that alcohol impairs cognitive abilities, a close examination of the literature suggests that alcohol's effects are quite variable and likely depend on a number of contextual factors. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the effects of alcohol on cognitive control in terms of neural and behavioral responses to successful and unsuccessful control attempts. Participants were randomly assigned to consume an alcohol (0.80g/kg ETOH), placebo, or nonalcoholic control beverage prior to completing a cognitive control (flanker) task while event-related brain potentials were recorded. Alcohol reduced the amplitude of the error-related negativity on error trials and increased the posterror compatibility effect in response time. Of particular interest, neural indices of conflict monitoring and performance adjustment (frontal slow wave) were attenuated by alcohol, but only on trials following errors. These functions had recovered, however, by 2 trials after an error. These findings suggest that alcohol's effects on cognitive control are best characterized as impaired (or delayed) recovery following control failures. Implications of these findings for understanding alcohol's effects on behavioral undercontrol are discussed.