A catalogue of unusually long thermonuclear bursts on neutron stars
A catalogue of unusually long thermonuclear bursts on neutron stars
复制标题
中子星上异常长的热核爆发目录
DOI：
10.1093/mnras/stad374
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Kuulkers, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alizai, K;Chenevez, J;Cumming, A;Degenaar, N;Falanga, M;Galloway, D K;in ’t Zand, J J;Jaisawal, G K;Keek, L;Kuulkers, E
罕见的、高能(长)热核(I型)X射线爆发根据持续时间分为中级爆发或超强爆发。持续几到几十分钟的中级爆发被认为是由相对较厚的(≈1010g cm−2)氦层的热核失控引起的，而持续数小时的超暴则归因于底层碳层的爆炸。我们给出了来自40个低质量X射线双星的84个长热核暴的目录，并根据一套新的标准定义了它们，以区别于更频繁的短暴。这三个判据是：(1)总能量释放大于1040erg；(2)光球半径扩展相大于10erg；(3)爆发时间尺度大于70erg。这项工作是基于对INTEGERAL、RXTE、SWIFT、BeppoSAX、MAXI和NICER发现的70个爆发以及用前几代X射线仪器探测到的14个文献中的长爆发的综合系统分析得出的。对于每一次爆发，我们测量其峰值通量和通量，这最终使我们能够确认中等持续时间爆发和超爆发之间的区别。此外，我们列出了18个仅部分满足上述纳入标准的突发事件，可能会弥补正常突发事件和中等持续时间突发事件之间的差距。有了这个星表，我们大大增加了Minbar中包含的长持续时间爆发的数量，从而为进一步研究这些罕见的X射线爆发提供了大量样本。
Rare, energetic (long) thermonuclear (Type I) X-ray bursts are classified either as intermediate-duration or ‘supern’ bursts, based on their duration. Intermediate-duration bursts lasting a few to tens of minutes are thought to arise from the thermonuclear runaway of a relatively thick (≈1010g cm−2) helium layer, while superbursts lasting hours are attributed to the detonation of an underlying carbon layer. We present a catalogue of 84 long thermonuclear bursts from 40 low-mass X-ray binaries, and defined from a new set of criteria distinguishing them from the more frequent short bursts. The three criteria are: (1) a total energy release longer than 1040erg, (2) a photospheric radius expansion phase longer than 10 s, and (3) a burst time-scale longer than 70 s. This work is based on a comprehensive systematic analysis of 70 bursts found withINTEGRAL, RXTE, Swift, BeppoSAX, MAXI, andNICER, as well as 14 long bursts from the literature that were detected with earlier generations of X-ray instruments. For each burst, we measure its peak flux and fluence, which eventually allows us to confirm the distinction between intermediate-duration bursts and superbursts. Additionally, we list 18 bursts that only partially meet the above inclusion criteria, possibly bridging the gap between normal and intermediate-duration bursts. With this catalogue, we significantly increase the number of long-duration bursts included in the MINBAR and thereby provide a substantial sample of these rare X-ray bursts for further study.