Child and Adolescent Developmental Activities and Time Use in Spain: The Gendered Role of Parents' Work Schedules and Education Levels
Child and Adolescent Developmental Activities and Time Use in Spain: The Gendered Role of Parents' Work Schedules and Education Levels
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DOI：
10.1093/esr/jcy029
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Garcia-Roman, Joan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gracia, Pablo;Garcia-Roman, Joan
本研究利用“2009-10年西班牙时间使用调查”（N = 913）的数据，分析了父母的工作安排对儿童和青少年日常活动的影响。西班牙是一个有趣的制度背景，因为它普遍存在的晚班文化，加上不灵活的、性别化的工作与家庭安排。结果表明，父母的时间可用性、家庭资源和性别角色显著影响儿童的日常活动。多元线性回归模型显示，父母的夜间工作对儿童的发展时间使用是有害的，但在不同的父母性别和社会背景下，这种方式存在显著差异。在给定的工作日，与标准工作母亲的孩子相比，夜班母亲的孩子与父母一起参加教育和社交活动的时间少了35分钟，在无人监督的屏幕活动（看电视、移动设备、电脑）上的时间多了26分钟。然而，这种影响仅限于上晚班、受教育程度较低的母亲。相比之下，母亲受过高等教育的孩子会积极参与教育活动，减少看屏幕的时间。父亲的工作安排不会影响孩子的时间使用，而他们的教育水平产生了不同的结果。对周末的分析显示出一种明显的“补偿”行为：在周末，母亲在工作日晚上工作的孩子在教育活动和亲子社交上花费的时间大大增加。
This study analyses how the daily activities of children and adolescents differ by parents' work schedules, using data from the '2009-10 Spanish Time Use Survey' (N = 913). Spain is an interesting institutional context for its widespread evening-work culture, combined with inflexible and gendered work-family arrangements. Results imply that parents' time availability, family resources, and gender roles significantly influence children's daily activities. Multivariate linear regression models reveal that parental evening work is detrimental for children's developmental time use, but in ways that differ remarkably across parent's gender and social background. On a given weekday, children with evening-work mothers spend 35 minutes less on educational and social activities with parents and 26 minutes more on unsupervised screen-based activities (TV, mobile devices, computers), compared to children with standard-work mothers. Yet, such effects are confined to evening-work mothers with lower levels of education. By contrast, children with highly educated mothers actively engage in educational activities, reducing screen-based time. Fathers' work schedules do not affect children's time use, while their education levels produce mixed results. Analyses for weekends show a clear 'compensatory' behaviour: on weekends, children whose mothers work evening hours during weekdays substantially increase their time spent in educational activities and parent-child socializing.