Agriculture intensification reduces plant taxonomic and functional diversity across European arable systems
Agriculture intensification reduces plant taxonomic and functional diversity across European arable systems
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.13608
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发表时间：
2020-07-02
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Bengtsson, Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carmona, Carlos P.;Guerrero, Irene;Bengtsson, Jan
农业集约化是导致世界范围内植物物种损失的主要原因之一，但其对耕地杂草群落功能多样性的影响尚缺乏相关信息。利用一项大规模的泛欧研究，包括8个国家261个农场的786块田，我们分析了不同农业集约化水平下可耕地杂草组合的分类和功能多样性差异。我们估算了每个农田的杂草种类频率，并从TRY植物性状数据库中收集了物种的性状（营养高度、SLA和种子质量）。利用这些信息，我们估计了分类（物种丰富度）、功能组成（群落加权平均值）和功能多样性（功能丰富度、均匀度、发散度和冗余度）。我们在单个农田尺度（如产量、氮肥和除草剂的投入、机械除草的频率）和农田周围的景观尺度（如作物类型数量、平均农田面积和采样点半径500米范围内的耕地覆盖比例）上使用了农业管理强度指标。农田尺度上农业集约化对物种和功能丰富度的影响强于景观尺度上的集约化，两者之间没有相互作用的证据。总体而言，集约化程度越高的群落中物种数量越少，具有低等策略（低高度、高叶面积、轻种子）的物种比例越高，功能冗余度越低。维持欧洲可耕地杂草群落的多样性需要一些简单的管理干预措施，例如，减少整个欧洲的高强度田间农业管理，可以通过增加景观复杂性的干预措施加以补充。在本文的支持信息中可以找到一个免费的简单语言摘要。
Agricultural intensification is one of the main drivers of species loss worldwide, but there is still a lack of information about its effect on functional diversity of arable weed communities. Using a large-scale pan European study including 786 fields within 261 farms from eight countries, we analysed differences in the taxonomic and functional diversity of arable weeds assemblages across different levels of agricultural intensification. We estimated weed species frequency in each field, and collected species' traits (vegetative height, SLA and seed mass) from the TRY plant trait database. With this information, we estimated taxonomic (species richness), functional composition (community weighted means) and functional diversity (functional richness, evenness, divergence and redundancy). We used indicators of agricultural management intensity at the individual field scale (e.g. yield, inputs of nitrogen fertilizer and herbicides, frequency of mechanical weed control practices) and at the landscape scale surrounding the field (i.e. number of crop types, mean field size and proportion of arable land cover within a radius of 500 m from the sampling points). The effects of agricultural intensification on species and functional richness at the field scale were stronger than those of intensification at the landscape scale, and we did not observe evidence of interacting effects between the two scales. Overall, assemblages in more intensified areas had fewer species, a higher prevalence of species with ruderal strategies (low stature, high leaf area, light seeds), and lower functional redundancy. Maintaining the diversity of Europe's arable weed communities requires some simple management interventions, for example, reducing the high intensity of field-level agricultural management across Europe, which could be complemented by interventions that increase landscape complexity. A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.