THE SHORT-TERM IMPACT OF UNCONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS TO THE POOR: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM KENYA.
THE SHORT-TERM IMPACT OF UNCONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS TO THE POOR: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM KENYA.
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DOI：
10.1093/qje/qjw025
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发表时间：
2016-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shapiro J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haushofer J;Shapiro J
我们使用随机对照试验来研究肯尼亚农村贫困家庭对非政府组织GiveDirect无条件现金转移的反应。转移与其他计划的不同之处在于，它们明确是无条件的、大的和集中在时间上的。我们在村庄和家庭两个层面进行了随机化；此外，在治疗组中，我们随机化了接受者的性别(妻子与丈夫)、转移时机(一次性转移与每月分期付款)和转移幅度(404美元购买力平价与1,525美元购买力平价)。我们发现消费对转移的反应很强烈，转移开始9个月后，家庭每月消费从158美元购买力平价增加到193美元购买力平价。转移接受者的心理幸福感会有很大提高。我们没有发现总体上对压力荷尔蒙皮质醇水平的影响，尽管在一些亚组中存在差异。与一次性转移相比，按月转移更有可能改善粮食安全，而一次性转移更有可能花在耐用品上，这表明家庭面临储蓄和信贷限制。综上所述，这些结果表明，无条件现金转移对经济结果和心理健康有重大影响。
We use a randomized controlled trial to study the response of poor households in rural Kenya to unconditional cash transfers from the NGO GiveDirectly. The transfers differ from other programs in that they are explicitly unconditional, large, and concentrated in time. We randomized at both the village and household levels; furthermore, within the treatment group, we randomized recipient gender (wife versus husband), transfer timing (lump-sum transfer versus monthly installments), and transfer magnitude (US$404 PPP versus US$1,525 PPP). We find a strong consumption response to transfers, with an increase in household monthly consumption from $158 PPP to $193 PPP nine months after the transfer began. Transfer recipients experience large increases in psychological well-being. We find no overall effect on levels of the stress hormone cortisol, although there are differences across some subgroups. Monthly transfers are more likely than lump-sum transfers to improve food security, whereas lump-sum transfers are more likely to be spent on durables, suggesting that households face savings and credit constraints. Together, these results suggest that unconditional cash transfers have significant impacts on economic outcomes and psychological well-being.
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DOI：
10.1257/aer.20140529
发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
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