Overview of Neuropeptides: Awakening the Senses?
Overview of Neuropeptides: Awakening the Senses?
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作者：
Russo AF
人类有多种不同的神经肽，可以影响多种活动。现在有超过100种已知的神经肽，可能还有更多尚未从基因组编码的1000多种预测肽中识别出来。虽然多肽种类繁多，但它们通常具有三个共同特征：(1)翻译后加工和从囊泡中释放；(2)在相对较远的距离上激活细胞表面受体；(3)通常位于大脑和外周的靶细胞的调节。在大脑中，神经肽可以调节共同释放的神经递质的活动，从而增加或减少突触信号的强度。在外周，神经肽的功能类似于肽激素，可以调节几乎所有的身体功能。考虑到神经肽CGRP在偏头痛中的明确作用，以及其他肽的新证据，神经肽可能有助于“唤醒”感官，并有助于偏头痛的感觉状态增强。
Humans have a diverse collection of neuropeptides that can influence a multitude of activities. There are now over 100 known neuropeptides and probably many more yet to be identified from the over 1000 predicted peptides encoded by the genome. While diverse, peptides generally share three common characteristics: (1) post-translational processing and release from vesicles, (2) activation of cell-surface receptors over a relatively large distance, and (3) modulation of target cells that are often in the brain and periphery. Within the brain, neuropeptides can modulate the activity of co-released neurotransmitters to either increase or decrease the strength of synaptic signaling. Within the periphery, neuropeptides can function similar to peptide hormones and modulate nearly all bodily functions. Given the clear involvement of the neuropeptide CGRP in migraine and the emerging evidence for other peptides, it seems likely that neuropeptides may help “awaken” the senses and contribute to the heightened sensory state of migraine.