Combination interventions to prevent HCV transmission among people who inject drugs: modeling the impact of antiviral treatment, needle and syringe programs, and opiate substitution therapy.

Combination interventions to prevent HCV transmission among people who inject drugs: modeling the impact of antiviral treatment, needle and syringe programs, and opiate substitution therapy.
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DOI:
10.1093/cid/cit296
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发表时间:
2013-08
期刊:
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Vickerman P
Vickerman P
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Martin NK;Hickman M;Hutchinson SJ;Goldberg DJ;Vickerman P

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背景。 阿片替代疗法 (OST) 和高覆盖率针头和注射器计划 (HCNSP) 等干预措施无法大幅降低注射吸毒者 (PWID) 中丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV) 的流行率。 HCV 抗病毒治疗可以防止进一步传播。我们预测了 OST、HCNSP 和抗病毒治疗相结合对吸毒者中 HCV 患病率/发病率的影响。方法。 使用吸毒者中的 HCV 传播模型来预测 OST、HCNSP 和抗病毒治疗的组合,以在 10 年内实现 3 种慢性流行情况下不同患病率和发病率的降低,以及仅通过 OST 计划提供 HCV 治疗的影响。进行了多变量和单变量敏感性分析。结果。 10 年来 HCV 慢性患病率大幅下降(>45%)需要 HCV 抗病毒治疗。扩大 OST 和 HCNSP 的规模可大大降低实现特定 HCV 患病率降低所需的治疗率。如果 OST 和 HCNSP 覆盖率分别增加到 40%(基线时没有覆盖率),那么在 10 年内每年治疗每 1000 名吸毒者中的 10 名、23 名或 42 名注射吸毒者,将使患病率分别减半,使基线慢性 HCV 患病率分别降低 20%、40% 或 60%。新型直接抗病毒药物所需的治疗量减少约 30%。如果 OST 和 HCNSP 的覆盖率在基线时为 50%,则在相同的 OST 和 HCNSP 覆盖率下,类似的患病率降低需要更高的治疗率。结论。 将抗病毒治疗与 OST 和 HCNSP 相结合对于在 10 年内大幅降低 (>50%) HCV 慢性患病率至关重要。需要对如何最好地扩大抗病毒治疗并将治疗与其他干预措施相结合进行实证研究。
Background. Interventions such as opiate substitution therapy (OST) and high-coverage needle and syringe programs (HCNSP) cannot substantially reduce hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID). HCV antiviral treatment may prevent onward transmission. We project the impact of combining OST, HCNSP, and antiviral treatment on HCV prevalence/incidence among PWID. Methods. An HCV transmission model among PWID was used to project the combinations of OST, HCNSP, and antiviral treatment required to achieve different prevalence and incidence reductions within 10 years for 3 chronic prevalence scenarios and the impact of HCV treatment if only delivered through OST programs. Multivariate and univariate sensitivity analyses were performed. Results. Large reductions (>45%) in HCV chronic prevalence over 10 years require HCV antiviral treatment. Scaling up OST and HCNSP substantially reduces the treatment rate required to achieve specific HCV prevalence reductions. If OST and HCNSP coverage were increased to 40% each (no coverage at baseline), then annually treating 10, 23, or 42 per 1000 PWID over 10 years would halve prevalence for 20%, 40%, or 60% baseline chronic HCV prevalences, respectively. Approximately 30% fewer treatments are necessary with new direct-acting antivirals. If coverage of OST and HCNSP is 50% at baseline, similar prevalence reductions require higher treatment rates for the same OST and HCNSP coverage. Conclusions. Combining antiviral treatment with OST with HCNSP is critical for achieving substantial reductions (>50%) in HCV chronic prevalence over 10 years. Empirical studies are required on how best to scale up antiviral treatment and combine treatment with other interventions.
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