Emission factor of ammonia (NH3) from on-road vehicles in China: tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou
Emission factor of ammonia (NH3) from on-road vehicles in China: tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou
复制标题
DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/9/6/064027
复制
发表时间：
2014-05
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Tengyu Liu;Xinming Wang;Boguang Wang;Xiang Ding;W. Deng;Sujun Lü;Yanli Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tengyu Liu;Xinming Wang;Boguang Wang;Xiang Ding;W. Deng;Sujun Lü;Yanli Zhang
氨（NH3）是大气中的主要碱性气体，有助于形成次级颗粒。机动车，特别是配备三元催化剂的汽油动力轻型汽车的NH3排放被认为是除动物粪便和土壤排放外的重要排放源，但在中国，机动车排放因子的测量仍然无法获得，交通相关排放已成为城市空气污染物日益重要的来源。在这里，我们介绍了我们在广州的一个城市道路隧道中进行的“真实世界条件”下机动车辆NH3的隧道测试，广州是中国南方珠江三角洲（PRD）地区的中心城市。通过将隧道内所有NH3排放归因于轻型汽油车，我们获得了基于燃料的排放率为2.92±0.18 g L−1，基于里程的排放因子为229.5±14.1 mg km−1。这些排放因子远高于美国的测量值，而测量到的nox排放因子（7.17±0.60 g L−1或0.56±0.05 g km−1）与MOBILE/PART5或COPERT IV模型的估算值相比，接近或低于之前的估算值。根据本研究的NH3排放因子，2006年珠江三角洲地区道路上车辆的NH3排放量占总排放量的8.1%，而不是先前使用美国排放清单改善计划（EIIP）的排放因子所估计的2.5%。
Ammonia (NH3) is the primary alkaline gas in the atmosphere that contributes to formation of secondary particles. Emission of NH3 from vehicles, particularly gasoline powered light duty vehicles equipped with three-way catalysts, is regarded as an important source apart from emissions from animal wastes and soils, yet measured emission factors for motor vehicles are still not available in China, where traffic-related emission has become an increasingly important source of air pollutants in urban areas. Here we present our tunnel tests for NH3 from motor vehicles under ‘real world conditions’ in an urban roadway tunnel in Guangzhou, a central city in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in south China. By attributing all NH3 emissions in the tunnel to light-duty gasoline vehicles, we obtained a fuel-based emission rate of 2.92 ± 0.18 g L−1 and a mileage-based emission factor of 229.5 ± 14.1 mg km−1. These emission factors were much higher than those measured in the United States while measured NO x emission factors (7.17 ± 0.60 g L−1 or 0.56 ± 0.05 g km−1) were contrastingly near or lower than those previously estimated by MOBILE/PART5 or COPERT IV models. Based on the NH3 emission factors from this study, on-road vehicles accounted for 8.1% of NH3 emissions in the PRD region in 2006 instead of 2.5% as estimated in a previous study using emission factors taken from the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) in the United States.