Bronze Age iron: Meteoritic or not? A chemical strategy.
Bronze Age iron: Meteoritic or not? A chemical strategy.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2017.09.008
复制
发表时间：
2017-12
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
A. Jambon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Jambon
青铜时代的铁器文物可能来自陨铁（地外）或熔炼铁（地外）。这个尚未解决的问题是一个争论的主题：是一些，全部还是没有由冶炼铁制成？在本文中，我们提出了一种地球化学方法，使我们能够区分地球上的铁和地外的铁。而不是单独评估Ni丰度（或Ni与Fe之比），我们考虑了Fe， Co和Ni丰度及其比率之间的关系。对陨石铁、青铜器时代的铁制品和古代陆地铁的研究使我们能够验证这种化学方法。主要的兴趣是无创的xrf分析提供可靠的Fe:Co:Ni丰度，而无需去除样品；它们可以在保存文物的博物馆里就地进行。青铜时代为数不多的可以被分析的铁器，肯定是由陨铁制成的，这表明关于青铜时代早期熔炼的猜测应该得到修正。在Fe:Co:Ni阵列中，陨铁所表现出的趋势与现代铁和铁矿石明显不同。在不同程度腐蚀的单一物体的不同分析点上，Ni/Fe与Ni/Co的变化趋势为鉴定陨石铁的存在提供了一个可靠的标准。它开启了追踪第一次冶炼操作发生的时间和地点的可能性，这是一个新时代的门槛。它强调了分析方法对正确研究我们过去文化中使用金属和金属加工技术的演变的重要性。
Bronze Age iron artifacts could be derived from either meteoritic (extraterrestrial) or smelted (terrestrial) iron. This unresolved question is the subject of a controversy: are some, all or none made of smelted iron? In the present paper we propose a geochemical approach, which permits us to differentiate terrestrial from extraterrestrial irons. Instead of evaluating the Ni abundance alone (or the Ni to Fe ratio) we consider the relationship between Fe, Co and Ni abundances and their ratios. The study of meteoritic irons, Bronze Age iron artifacts and ancient terrestrial irons permit us to validate this chemical approach. The major interest is that non-invasivep-XRF analyses provide reliable Fe:Co:Ni abundances, without the need to remove a sample; they can be performed in situ, in the museums where the artifacts are preserved. The few iron objects from the Bronze Agesensu strictothat could be analyzed are definitely made of meteoritic iron, suggesting that speculations about precocious smelting during the Bronze Age should be revised. In a Fe:Co:Ni array the trend exhibited by meteoritic irons departs unambiguously from modern irons and iron ores. The trend of Ni/Fe vs Ni/Co in different analysis points of a single object corroded to variable extents provides a robust criterion for identifying the presence of meteoritic iron. It opens the possibility of tracking when and where the first smelting operations happened, the threshold of a new era. It emphasizes the importance of analytical methods for properly studying the evolution of the use of metals and metal working technologies in our past cultures.