NEURAL SUBSTRATES OF OPIATE REINFORCEMENT
NEURAL SUBSTRATES OF OPIATE REINFORCEMENT
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DOI：
10.1016/0278-5846(83)90027-1
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
WISE, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BOZARTH, MA;WISE, RA
1.1.阿片类药物奖赏的主要成分来自腹侧被盖区的药物作用：(A)大鼠迅速学会将吗啡直接自我注射到腹侧被盖，(B)脑内其他脑区的自我给药并不是很快学会的，以及(C)向腹侧被盖微量注射麻醉性拮抗剂可以减弱静脉注射海洛因的奖赏。阿片剂奖励的至少一个组成部分依赖于多巴胺能系统：(A)电生理和神经化学指标表明，阿片剂激活腹侧被盖多巴胺能神经元；(B)腹侧被盖阿片剂输注在行为上激活被神经阻滞剂阻断的对侧旋转；(C)海洛因的奖励被神经阻滞剂阻断；(D)海洛因的奖励因腹侧被盖系统的多巴胺耗竭损伤而减弱。参与产生对鸦片类药物的身体依赖的大脑部位在解剖学上不同于那些引起鸦片类药物剧烈回报作用的部位。从理论上讲，阿片类药物的强化作用来自积极和消极强化过程的组合：(A)积极强化作用的神经底物可能涉及腹侧被盖多巴胺系统，而腹侧被盖多巴胺系统在食欲动机中起重要作用；(B)负性强化作用的神经底物可能涉及脑室周围灰质系统，该系统独立于阿片类药物的剧烈奖赏特性的调节系统。
1.1. A major component of opiate reward is derived from a drug action in the ventral tegmental area: (a) rats quickly learn to self-administer morphine directly into the ventral tegmentum, (b) intracranial self-administration into other brain sites is not quickly learned, and (c) narcotic antagonist microinjections into the ventral tegmentum attenuate reward from intravenous heroin infusions.2.2. At least one component of opiate reward is dependent on a dopaminergic system: (a) electrophysiological and neurochemical indices suggest that opiates activate ventral tegmental dopaminergic neurons, (b) ventral tegmental opiate infusions are behaviorally activating producing contralateral rotation that is blocked by neuroleptics, (c) reward from heroin is blocked by neuroleptics, and (d) reward from heroin is attenuated by dopamine-depleting lesions of the ventral tegmental system.3.3. Brain sites involved in the production of physical dependence on opiates are anatomically distinct from those initiating the acutely rewarding action of opiates.4.4. It is theoretically viable that opiates derive their reinforcing impact from a combination of positive and negative reinforcement processes: (a) the neural substrate for the positive reinforcing action probably involves a ventral tegmental dopamine system important in appetitive motivation, and (b) the neural substrate for the negative reinforcing action may involve a periventricular gray system that is independent of the system which mediates the acutely rewarding property of opiates.