Characterization of pharmaceutically active compounds in Beijing, China: Occurrence pattern, spatiotemporal distribution and its environmental implication
Characterization of pharmaceutically active compounds in Beijing, China: Occurrence pattern, spatiotemporal distribution and its environmental implication
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中国北京药物活性化合物的特征：发生模式、时空分布及其环境影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.030
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Yu Gang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma Ruixue;Wang Bin;Yin Lina;Zhang Yizhe;Deng Shubo;Huang Jun;Wang Yujue;Yu Gang
药物活性化合物（PhAC）作为一类重要的“新兴污染物”（EC），在过去十年中受到了全球的重视和关注。中国拥有巨大的PhAC消费量和全球最多的制药生产商。本研究在中国北京北云河流域监测了 33 种 PhAC（包括 19 种抗生素）。调查了其季节发生、时空分布和潜在来源。总水平约为 2 μg L−1。非抗生素的检测更为频繁。咖啡因 (558 ng L−1) 和红霉素 (319 ng L−1) 的中位浓度最高。对乙酰氨基酚、红霉素、双氯芬酸和N,N-二乙基间甲苯酰胺表现出高度显着的季节性变化，而咖啡因、卡马西平、美托洛尔和大多数磺胺类药物则较为稳定。清河两季负荷最重（达 4 μg L−1）。兽医使用的抗生素在该地区的贡献较小。通过与我们之前的调查进行比较，概述了其特征和趋势。 2013年至2015年，15种PhAC的总含量平均大幅下降37%。曾经作为主要成分的咖啡因比例从2013年的77%下降到47%。北京地表水中这些ECs的负担明显减轻，表明总体情况正在改善。
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) as an important group of “emerging contaminants” (ECs), have been highlighted and received global attentions in last decade. China has tremendous consumption of PhACs and the most pharmaceutical manufacturers worldwide. In this study, 33 PhACs (19 antibiotics included) were monitored in the Beiyun River basin in Beijing, China. The seasonal occurrence, temporal-spatial distribution and potential source were investigated. The total levels were about 2 μg L−1. Non-antibiotics were more frequently detected. The highest median concentrations were observed for caffeine (558 ng L−1) and erythromycin (319 ng L−1). Acetaminophen, erythromycin, diclofenac andN,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide showed highly significant seasonal variation, while caffeine, carbamazepine, metoprolol and most sulfonamides were more stable. The burden was most heavy in Qing River in both seasons (up to 4 μg L−1). Antibiotics from veterinary use accounted for minor contribution in this region. The characteristics and trends were overviewed by comparing with our previous survey. The total level of 15 PhACs dropped significantly by 37% on average from 2013 to 2015. The proportion of caffeine, once a major component in 2013, reduced from 77% to 47%. The burden of these ECs in surface water of Beijing is remarkably reduced, suggesting the overall situation has been improving.